표제지
목차
(국문초록) 12
I. 서언 15
II. 연구사 18
1. 배 과실의 형태형성 18
2. 온도조건이 착과 및 과형에 미치는 영향 19
3. 화분친이 과형에 미치는 영향 21
4. 생장조정제 처리와 과형 22
5. 동양배의 화아형성과 쌍화총화아의 발생 25
6. 유체과의 꽃받침 제거와 수확기 과형 26
III. 재료 및 방법 27
1. 체와부돌출과 발생과원의 수체 및 토양 특성 27
1.1. 대상과원의 수체 생육조사 27
1.2. 토양 화학성 분석 28
1.3. 엽내 무기성분 분석 28
1.4. 과실특성 조사 28
2. 질소가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 29
2.1. 요소 엽면시비 29
2.2. 질소 기비시용 29
3. 개화기 온도가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 30
4. 화분친이 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 30
5. 생장조정제가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 31
6. 화아종류가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 31
6.1. 유체과와 체와부돌출과 발생 조사 31
6.2. 식물호르몬 분석 32
6.3. 무기성분 분석 32
7. 유체과의 꽃받침 제거가 수확기 과형에 미치는 영향 33
IV. 결과 및 고찰 34
1. 체와부돌출과 발생과원의 수체 및 토양 특성 34
2. 질소가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 42
3. 개화기 온도가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 47
4. 화분친이 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 53
5. 생장조정제가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 59
6. 화아종류가 체와부돌출 현상에 미치는 영향 65
7. 유체과의 꽃받침 제거가 수확기 과형에 미치는 영향 74
V. 종합고찰 77
VI. 인용문헌 80
(Abstract) 88
감사의 글
Table 1. Cultivation outline of investigated orchards with production degree of calyx perpetual fruit in ‘Niitaka’ pear 27
Table 1-1. Comparison of pear orchard with different calyx perpetual fruit production (light and severe) and tree growth of ‘Niitaka’ in 2004 35
Table 1-2. Difference of soil chemical properties with different calyx perpetual fruit level (light and severe) in ‘Niitaka’ pear orchards 40
Table 1-3. Difference of leaf mineral contents with different calyx perpetual fruit level (light and severe) in ‘Niitaka’ pear orchards 41
Table 1-4. Calyx perpetual fruit characteristics at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 41
Table 2-1. Effect of urea foliar application after full bloom on calyx perpetual fruitlet in ‘Niitaka’ pear 42
Table 2-2. Effect of urea foliar application after full bloom on fruit characteristics in ‘Niitaka’ pear 43
Table 2-3. Effect of nitrogen level at 60 days before full bloom on twin flower cluster and calyx perpetual fruitlet production in ‘Niitaka’ pear orchard 44
Table 2-4. Effect of nitrogen level at 60 days before full bloom on soil chemical properties in ‘Niitaka’ pear orchard 44
Table 2-5. Effect of nitrogen level at 60 days before full bloom on leaf mineral contents at 120 days after full bloom in ‘Niitaka’ pear orchard 45
Table 2-6. Effect of nitrogen level at 60 days before full bloom on fruit characteristics in ‘Niitaka’ pear 46
Table 2-7. Differences of between normal fruit and calyx perpetual fruit characteristics at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 46
Table 3-1. Effect of temperature condition at full bloom stage on calyx perpetual fruitlet production in ‘Niitaka’ pear 47
Table 3-2. Effect of temperature condition at petal drop stage on calyx perpetual fruitlet production in ‘Niitaka’ pear 48
Table 3-3. Effect of day temperature condition at full bloom stage on fruit cluster set and fruit set in ‘Niitaka’ pear 50
Table 3-4. Effect of day temperature condition at full bloom on fruit characteristics in ‘Niitaka’ pear 51
Table 3-5. Effect of low temperature injury at flowering period on fruit shape distribution at harvest stage of ‘Niitaka’ pear in 2005 52
Table 4-1. Effect of pollen cultivar on fruitlet weight and L/D ratio in ‘Niitaka’ pear 54
Table 4-2. Effect of pollen cultivar on distribution of fruitlet shape in ‘Niitaka’ pear 55
Table 4-3. Effect of pollen cultivar on fruit characteristics and calyx perpetual fruit (CPF) production at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 58
Table 5-1. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruitlet shape in ‘Niitaka’ pear 60
Table 5-2. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruitlet weight and L/D ratio in ‘Niitaka’ pear 61
Table 5-3. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruit characteristics and calyx perpetual fruit production at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 63
Table 6-1. Production of twin flower cluster bud (TFCB) with bud slope degree on lateral branch in ‘Niitaka’ pear tree 65
Table 6-2. Difference of spur flower bud with different calyx perpetual fruitlet production in ‘Niitaka’ pear 67
Table 6-3. Difference of calyx perpetual fruitlet production with different spur flower bud in ‘Niitaka’ pear 67
Table 6-4. Effect of fruitlet type on calyx perpetual fruit production at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 68
Table 7-1. Effect of fruitlet calyx removal at 35 days after full bloom on fruit shape at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 74
Table 7-2. Effect of fruitlet calyx removal time on fruit shape at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 75
Table 7-3. Effect of fruitlet calyx removal time on fruit characteristics in ‘Niitaka’ pear 76
Fig. 1. Classification of fruitlet shape index 31
Fig. 1-1. Distribution of orchards occurred calyx perpetual fruit in ‘Niitaka’ pear 34
Fig. 1-2. Growth difference of each lateral branch age with different calyx perpetual fruit production (light and severe) in �Niitakapear orchards. Vertical bars represent SD 37
Fig. 1-3. Distribution of each lateral branch age with different calyx perpetual fruit production (light and severe) in �Niitakapear orchards. Vertical bars represent SD 37
Fig. 1-4. Difference of spur cluster on each fruit branch age with different calyx perpetual fruit production (light and severe) in �Niitakapear orchards. Vertical bars represent SD 39
Fig. 3-1. Effect of day temperature condition at full bloom stage on fruitlet shape and calyx end morphogenesis in ‘Niitaka’ pear 50
Fig. 4-1. Effect of pollen cultivar on fruitlet shape in ‘Niitaka’ pear 53
Fig. 4-2. Effect of pollen cultivar on fruit shape and calyx end morphogenesis at fruit enlargement stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 56
Fig. 4-3. Effect of pollen cultivar on seasonal change of L/D ratio in ‘Niitaka’ pear. Vertical bars represent ± SD 57
Fig. 4-4. Effect of pollen cultivar on fruit shape at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 58
Fig. 5-1. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruitlet shape in ‘Niitaka’ pear 59
Fig. 5-2. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruit shape and calyx end morphogenesis at fruit enlargement stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 61
Fig. 5-3. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on seasonal change of L/D (length/diameter) ratio in �Niitakapear. Vertical bars represent SD 62
Fig. 5-4. Effect of plant growth regulator application after full bloom on fruit shape at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 64
Fig. 6-1. Single flower cluster bud (SFCB) and twin flower cluster bud (TFCB) contained with main (A) and sub-flower (B) cluster in spur at bud germination stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear tree 66
Fig. 6-2. Twin flower cluster (A) and fruitlet shape (B) after fruit set in ‘Niitaka’ pear 66
Fig. 6-3. Effect of fruitset position in main-flower cluster (A) and sub-flower cluster (B) of twin flower cluster bud on calyx perpetual fruitlet production in �Niitakapear 69
Fig. 6-4. Changes of nitrogen (A), phosphorous (B), potassium (C), and calcium (D) content with different flower bud type in ‘Niitaka’ pear 70
Fig. 6-5. Changes of ferrous (A), manganese (B), zinc (C), and boron (D) content with different flower bud type in ‘Niitaka’ pear 71
Fig. 6-6. Changes of IAA, t-zeatin, and ABA content with different flower bud type in ‘Niitaka’ pear 73
Fig. 7-1. Effect of fruitlet calyx removal on fruit shape and calyx end morphogenesis at harvest stage in ‘Niitaka’ pear 74