표제지
목차
Nomenclature 6
제1장 서론 16
1-1. 연구 배경 16
1-2. 연구 동향 19
1-3. 연구 목적 및 범위 24
제2장 이론적 고찰 26
2-1. 질소산화물의 생성과 영향 26
2-2. SCR 기술의 종류 30
2-3. 탈질 반응 기구 36
2-4. 저온 및 고온 플라즈마 41
2-5. 저온 플라즈마 발생기술 46
2-6. 저온 플라즈마 화학반응 49
제3장 실험장치 및 방법 57
3-1. 저온 플라즈마와 NH₃ SCR 복합공정의 모사가스 적용 저온 탈질특성 57
3-1-1. 실험장치 57
3-1-2. 실험방법 68
3-2. 저온 플라즈마와 NH₃ SCR 복합공정의 엔진 배기가스 적용 저온 탈질특성 72
3-2-1. 실험장치 72
3-2-2. 실험 방법 78
제4장 실험결과 및 고찰 82
4-1. 저온 플라즈마와 NH₃ SCR 복합공정의 모사가스 적용 저온 탈질특성 82
4-1-1. Standard SCR과 fast SCR 반응의 비교 82
4-1-2. NO₂/NOx 비율에 따른 탈질효율과 수분의 영향(이미지참조) 83
4-1-3. 질산암모늄의 생성과 탈질효율과의 관계 88
4-1-4. NO의 산화특성 89
4-1-5. NO의 산화공정에 미치는 변수의 영향 91
4-1-6. NH₃ SCR에서 HC(C3H6) 수분 및 CO의 영향(이미지참조) 96
4-1-7. NH₃ SCR과 복합공정에서 HC(C3H6)의 영향(이미지참조) 105
4-1-8. NH₃ SCR 공정에서 알데히드(CH₃CHO)의 영향 107
4-1-9. HC(C3H6)과 수분공급에 따른 복합 탈질공정 특성(이미지참조) 114
4-2. 저온 플라즈마와 NH₃ SCR 복합공정의 엔진 배기가스 적용 저온 탈질특성 117
4-2-1. NOx의 산화특성 및 HC의 영향(이미지참조) 117
4-2-2. 모사가스와 엔진 배기가스의 투입에너지 비교 123
4-2-3. 엔진 배기가스의 NO와 NO₂ 거동 125
4-2-4. 엔진 배기가스에서 standard SCR과 fast SCR의 탈질성능 특성 127
제5장 결론 130
참고문헌 134
ABSTRACT 146
감사의 글 151
Table 3-1. Specifications of experimental equipment for laboratory test 58
Table 3-2. Experimental conditions for laboratory test 68
Table 3-3. Exhaust gas composition and flow rate for marine engine with AC generator 69
Table 3-4. Specifications of test engine and test equipment 73
Table 3-5. Exhaust gas composition of test engine 76
Table 3-6. Experimental conditions for engine exhaust test 79
Fig. 2-1. Schematic of basic principle for NOx control technologies(이미지참조) 30
Fig. 2-2. Electron and gas temperature of atmospheric pressure plasma 44
Fig. 2-3. Configuration of pulse streamer discharge 46
Fig. 2-4. Configuration of dielectric barrier discharge 48
Fig. 2-5. Schematic illustration of the interplay of discharge physics and plasma chemistry in the silent discharge 51
Fig. 2-6. Radical production mechanism 52
Fig. 3-1. Schematic diagram of the test apparatus 57
Fig. 3-2. (a) DBD plasma and NH₃ SCR catalyst reactors placed in the electrically heated furnace for Lab-scale test. (b) Configuration of DBD and SCR reactors used in the test 61
Fig. 3-3. Display of power measurement 63
Fig. 3-4. Schematic diagram of the deNOx test apparatus for engine exhaust(이미지참조) 72
Fig. 4-1. Comparison of deNOx efficiencies for standard SCR and fast SCR reaction with simulated diesel exhaust(이미지참조) 83
Fig. 4-2. DeNOx efficiencies obtained with different NO₂/NOx ratios. [(●); temp. 150 ℃, SV 8,000 h-1, no water vapor], [(○); temp. 150 ℃, SV 8,000 h-1, water vapor 10%], [(▲); temp. 200 ℃,...(이미지참조) 85
Fig. 4-3. Outlet NO and NO₂ concentration of DBD reactor along with specific energy density 91
Fig. 4-4. SED along with NO₂/NOx ratio at different treated gas compositions. [(●); no C3H6, no water vapor], [(○); C3H6 : 116ppm, no water vapor], [(▼); no C3H6, water vapor 10%], [(▽);...(이미지참조) 93
Fig. 4-5. NO conversion as a function of SED at different initial NO concentration. The test was conducted with one plasma reactor without changing the reactor volume 95
Fig. 4-6. Outlet gas composition of NH₃ SCR reactor with different inlet C3H6 concentrations(이미지참조) 98
Fig. 4-7. Outlet gas distribution of NH₃ SCR reactor for varying ratios of C3H6/NOx(이미지참조) 100
Fig. 4-8. Outlet gas composition of NH₃ SCR reactor for varying ratios of C3H6/NOx(이미지참조) 101
Fig. 4-9. Outlet gas composition and deNOx efficiencies of NH₃ SCR reactor for varying ratios of C3H6/NOx(이미지참조) 103
Fig. 4-10. DeNOx efficiencies with CO concentration on the NH₃ SCR reactor(이미지참조) 104
Fig. 4-11. DeNOx efficiencies obtained with no plasma oxidation (simulated gases) and with plasma oxidation. [(●); no plasma oxidation], [(○); plasma oxidation], [(▼); plasma...(이미지참조) 107
Fig. 4-12. Outlet gas composition of SCR reactor with different inlet CH₃CHO concentrations 109
Fig. 4-13. Outlet gas distribution of NH₃ SCR reactor for varying ratios of CH₃CHO/NOx(이미지참조) 110
Fig. 4-14. Outlet gas composition of NH₃ SCR reactor with water vapor for varying ratios of CH₃CHO/NOx(이미지참조) 111
Fig. 4-15. Effect of CH₃CHO on deNOx efficiency with stoichiometric ratio by [CH₃CHO]/[NOx]=1. [(●); temp. 150℃, SV 8,000h-1, no water vapor], [(○); temp. 150℃, SV 8,000h-1, water...(이미지참조) 112
Fig. 4-16. DeNOx efficiencies of the combined process with C3H6 and water vapor. [(●); temp. 150℃, SV 8,000h-1, no plasma oxidation], [(○); temp. 150℃, SV 8,000h-1, plasma oxidation],...(이미지참조) 116
Fig. 4-17. Comparison of SED on NOx composition through plasma oxidation for various initial NOx concentration with diesel exhaust....(이미지참조) 119
Fig. 4-18. Variation of NOx composition through plasma oxidation for diesel exhaust(이미지참조) 121
Fig. 4-19. Variation of NOx composition through plasma oxidation for diesel exhaust with C3H6 addition. C3H6 supplied with stoichiometric ratio by C3H6/NOx=1(이미지참조) 122
Fig. 4-20. Variation of NOx composition through plasma oxidation for diesel exhaust without C₃H6 addition(이미지참조) 123
Fig. 4-21. Comparison of SED for diesel exhaust and diesel-like simulant gas 124
Fig. 4-22. NO₂/NOx ratio of diesel exhaust for different engine operating conditions(이미지참조) 126
Fig. 4-23. Comparison of deNOx efficiencies for standard SCR and fast SCR with diesel exhaust 129
Photo 2-1. Streamer pulsed corona image taken by intensified CCD (22 kV pulsed DC) 47
Photo 2-2. Dielectric barrier discharge image taken by intensified CCD (24 kV DC) 49
Photo 3-1. Photograph of the experimental setup for the nonthermal plasma and NH₃ SCR NOx reduction process(이미지참조) 59
Photo 3-2. Power measurement system for input power with Q-V Lissajous plot 62
Photo 3-3. Perista pump for water feeding 64
Photo 3-4. Data acquisition apparatus for temperature monitoring 65
Photo 3-5. Chemiluminescent NOx analyzer(이미지참조) 67
Photo 3-6. FTIR spectrometer 67
Photo 3-7. Experimental Apparatus for diesel deNOx test(이미지참조) 74