표제지
목차
제1장 서론 12
1.1. 연구의 배경 12
1.2. 연구의 목적 13
1.3. 연구대상지역 현황 13
제2장 콘시험 14
2.1. 콘시험의 역사 14
2.2. 콘의 종류 18
2.2.1. 기계식 콘 18
2.2.2. 전기식 콘 및 피에조콘 19
2.3. 피에조콘 관입시험 21
2.3.1. 시험방법 22
2.4. 피에조콘 소산시험 24
2.4.1. 콘의 포화 24
2.4.2. 관입 속도 25
2.4.3. t50의 결정 (이미지참조) 25
2.5. 콘 저항값의 보정 26
2.5.1. 원추관입저항력 보정 26
2.5.2. 슬리브 마찰력 보정 27
제3장 종래의 연구 29
3.1. 피에조콘 소산시험에 의한 투수계수 추정 29
3.1.1. Parry 와 Wroth(1977)의 연구 29
3.1.2. Baligh 와 Levadoux(1980)의 연구 30
3.1.3. Parez 와 Fauriel(1988)의 연구 31
3.1.4. Becker 등(1989)의 연구 32
3.1.5. Robertson 등(1992)의 연구 33
3.1.6. Robertson(2009)의 연구 34
3.2. 투수계수비(kh/kv) 추정 (이미지참조) 37
3.2.1. Lacerda 등(1977)의 연구 37
3.2.2. Baligh 와 Levadoux(1980)의 연구 37
3.2.3. Jamiolkowski(1985)의 연구 38
3.3. 흙 분류에 의한 방법 38
3.3.1. Robertson 등(1986)의 연구 38
3.3.2. Robertson(1990)의 연구 40
제4장 수평압밀계수 추정이론 42
4.1. 초기 과잉간극수압 분포이론 42
4.2. 초기간극수압 예측방법 45
4.2.1. 공동확장이론 45
4.2.2. 변형률 경로법 47
4.3. 강성지수 산정이론 48
4.3.1. Roy 등(1982)의 이론 49
4.3.2. Gupta(1983)의 이론 50
4.3.3. Robertson 과 Companella(1983)의 이론 50
4.4. 수평압밀계수 산정이론 50
4.4.1. Torstensson(1975,1977)의 이론 51
4.4.2. Baligh 와 Levadoux(1980), Levadoux 와 Baligh(1986)의 이론 53
4.4.3. Gupta(1983)의 이론 54
4.4.4. Teh 와 Houlsby(1991)의 이론 55
4.4.5. 이론해의 비교 57
제5장 현장 및 실내시험 58
5.1. 연구대상지반의 특성 60
5.1.1. 지반공학적 특성 60
5.1.2. 광물학적 특성 64
5.2. 현장 및 실내시험 방법 65
① 피에조 콘 소산시험(ASTM D5778) 65
② 액·소성시험(KS F 2303, 2304) 65
③ 입도시험(KS F 2302) 66
④ 일축압축시험(KS F 2314) 66
⑤ 삼축압축시험(KS F 2346) 67
⑥ 압밀시험(KS F 2306) 67
⑦ Rowe Cell 압밀시험(BS 1377, Part6) 68
제6장 이론해에 의한 수평압밀계수 산정 71
6.1. 강성지수 결정 71
6.1.1. 강성지수와 공학적 특성과의 비교 76
6.1.2. 강성지수 결정에 대한 고찰 78
6.2. 시간계수(T50) 산정(이미지참조) 79
6.3. 재압축비(RR)의 산정 80
6.4. 수평압밀계수 산정 81
제7장 수평투수계수 추정 84
7.1. 이론해에 의한 지역별 수평투수계수 비교 84
7.2. 이론해와 실내시험 결과를 이용한 지역별 수평투수계수 비교 92
7.3. 이론해와 실내시험에 의한 수평투수계수 상관관계 고찰 108
7.4. 국내지반의 수평투수계수 추정식 개발 109
7.4.1. 피에조콘 소산시험에 의한 추정식 109
7.4.2. 피에조콘 소산시험과 실내시험에 의한 추정식 111
7.5. 제안식의 적용성 비교검토 113
7.5.1. 이론식과 제안식의 비교 115
7.5.2. 샌드심(Sand seam) 존재유무에 따른 수평투수계수 평가 121
7.5.3. 투수계수비(kh/kv)를 사용한 제안식의 평가(이미지참조) 121
7.5.4. 점토광물에 따른 수평투수계수 비교 124
제8장 결론 125
참고문헌 127
Abstract 132
Table 2.1. Reliability to various in-situ tests 17
Table 2.2. Piezocone test equipment specification 23
Table 3.1. Range of kh/kv in anisotropy clays(이미지참조) 38
Table 3.2. Range of possible field values of kh/kv for soft clay(이미지참조) 38
Table 3.3. Estimation of soil permeability(k) from CPT soil behaviour charts. Based on a CPT chart by Robertson et al(1986) 39
Table 3.4. Estimation of soil permeability(k) from CPT soil behaviour charts. Based on a normalized CPT chart by Robertson.(1990) 41
Table 4.1. Initial pore pressure prospect method 44
Table 4.2. Theoretical time factors by interpretation model with dissipation rate 51
Table 4.3. Theoretical time factors of Boston Blue Clay 54
Table 4.4. Modified time factors T* from consolidation analysis 57
Table 4.5. Existing approaches to calculating the coefficient of consolidation from piezocone dissipation tests 57
Table 5.1. Content of clay mineral in Korea peninsula 65
Table 5.2. Field & Laboratory tests 69
Table 5.3. Results of Soil laboratory tests 70
Table 6.1. Average rigidity index proposed by Park et al(2003) 71
Table 6.2. Comparison of test results on the research districts 72
Table 6.3. Comparison of Ch by using IR=E50/Su (이미지참조) 73
Table 6.4. Comparison of Ch by using IR=100 (이미지참조) 74
Table 6.5. Comparison of Ch by using rigidity index Suggested by Park et al(2003)(이미지참조) 75
Table 7.1. Engineering properties & kh at the research districts(이미지참조) 85
Table 7.2. Engineering properties & kh at the research districts(이미지참조) 86
Table 7.3. Horizontal Permeability coefficient calculation(kh) results(이미지참조) 87
Table 7.4. Horizontal Permeability coefficient(kh) calculation results(이미지참조) 88
Table 7.5. Engineering properties & kh by theoretical formulas and Rowe cell test results at the research districts(이미지참조) 92
Table 7.6. Compnison of kh by the suggested formula with rowe cell test results(이미지참조) 113
Table 7.7. Soil property of the other districts 121
Table 7.8. Horizontal Permeability coefficient calculation(kh) results(이미지참조) 122
Fig. 2.1. Mechanical Cone 18
Fig. 2.2. Diagram of piezocone sensing elements 19
Fig. 2.3. Detailed features of Cone interior 19
Fig. 2.4. Typical piezocone penetration test results 21
Fig. 2.5. Typical piezocone dissipation test result 26
Fig. 2.6. Determination of total cone tip resistance 27
Fig. 2.7. Determination of total sleeve friction 28
Fig. 3.1. Relationship between kh and kv measured on natural marine clays in constant head laboratory tests(이미지참조) 30
Fig. 3.2. Parez and Fauriel relation to determine hydraulic conductivity 32
Fig. 3.3. Empirical permeability correlation 34
Fig. 3.4. Relationships beteween CPTu t50 and soil permeability(k) and normalized cone resistance(이미지참조) 36
Fig. 3.5. Relationship between void rate and permeability( 37
Fig. 3.6. Proposed soil behavior type classification system from CPTu data 39
Fig. 3.7. Soil behaviour type classification chart based on normalized CPT/CPTu data 41
Fig. 4.1. Soil zones around CPTu probe 42
Fig. 4.2. Dissipation behavior of components of measured pore pressure 43
Fig. 4.3. Measured pore pressure distributions 44
Fig. 4.4. Cylinderical cavity expansion theory 45
Fig. 4.5. Dissipation prediction at multiple locations 56
Fig. 5.1. Field & Laboratory tests at Korean soft deposits regions 58
Fig. 5.2. Rowe Cell test equipment 69
Fig. 6.1. Comparison chart of Ch by using IR=E50/Su(이미지참조) 73
Fig. 6.2. Comparison chart of Ch by using IR=100(이미지참조) 74
Fig. 6.3. Comparison chart of Ch by using rigidity index Suggested by park et al(2003)(이미지참조) 75
Fig. 6.4. Relationship between rigidity index and OCR 77
Fig. 6.5. Relationship between Pl and rigidity index 77
Fig. 6.6. Comparison of theoretical time factor 79
Fig. 6.7. Relationship between time factor and rigidity index with dissipation rate 80
Fig. 6.8. Relationship between depth and Ch by theoretical formula(Southern coast soft deposit)(이미지참조) 82
Fig. 6.9. Relationship between depth and Ch by theoretical formula(Westem coast soft deposit)(이미지참조) 82
Fig. 6.10. Relationship between Rowe cell test results and average Ch by theoretical formula(이미지참조) 83
Fig. 7.1. Comparison of average kh in the research districts by theoretical formulas(I)(이미지참조) 89
Fig. 7.2. Comparison of average kh by theoretical formulas in the research districts(II)(이미지참조) 91
Fig. 7.3. Comparison of kh by using plastic index between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Southern coast : Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum)(이미지참조) 93
Fig. 7.4. Comparison of kh by using t50 between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Southern coast : Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum)(이미지참조) 94
Fig. 7.5. Comparison of kh by using Cc between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Southern coast : Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum)(이미지참조) 95
Fig. 7.6. Comparison of kh by using mv between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Southern coast : Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum)(이미지참조) 96
Fig. 7.7. Comparison of kh by using Wn between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Southern coast : Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum) (이미지참조) 97
Fig. 7.8. Comparison of kh by using plastic index between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Western cost : Gunsan su-song, Phyungteck pho-seung) (이미지참조) 98
Fig. 7.9. Comparison of kh by using t50 between cell test results and theoretical formulas(Western cost : Gunsan su-song, Phyungteck pho-seung)(이미지참조) 99
Fig. 7.10. Comparison of kh by using Cc between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Western cost : Gunsan su-song, Phyungteck pho-seung)(이미지참조) 100
Fig. 7.11. Comparison of kh by using mv between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Western cost : Gunsan su-song, Phyungteck pho-seung)(이미지참조) 101
Fig. 7.12. Comparison of kh by using Wn between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Western cost : Gunsan su-song, Phyungteck pho-seung)(이미지참조) 102
Fig. 7.13. Comparison of kh by using plastic index between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Eestern coast: Ulsan jin-jang)(이미지참조) 103
Fig. 7.14. Comparison of kh by using t50 between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Eestern coast : Ulsan jin-jang)(이미지참조) 104
Fig. 7.15. Comparison of kh by using Cc between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Eestern coast : Ulsan jin-jang)(이미지참조) 105
Fig. 7.16. Comparison of kh by using mv between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Eestern coast : Ulsan jin-jang)(이미지참조) 106
Fig. 7.17. Comparison of kh by using Wn between rowe cell test results and theoretical formulas(Eestern coast : Ulsan jin-jang)(이미지참조) 107
Fig. 7.18. Relationship between t50 and kh by suggested formula(이미지참조) 110
Fig. 7.19. Estimation of kh by using void rate and t50(이미지참조) 112
Fig. 7.20. Comparison between t50 and C/R by suggested formula in korean soft deposits(이미지참조) 114
Fig. 7.21. Relationship between t50 and C/R at the research districts(이미지참조) 115
Fig. 7.22. Comparison between theoretical formulas and suggested formula(Gimhae yul-ha, Changwon dae-san) 116
Fig. 7.23. Comparison between theoretical formulas and suggested formula(Busan dae-jeo, Busan myung-ji) 117
Fig. 7.24. Comparison between theoretical formulas and suggested formula(Gimhae jin-young, Yangsan mul-gum) 118
Fig. 7.25. Comparison between theoretical formulas and suggested formula(Ulsan jin-jang, Gunsan su-song) 119
Fig. 7.26. Comparison between theoretical formulas and suggested formula(Inchon geum-dan, Phyungteck pho-seung) 120
Fig. 7.27. Estimation of kh by Baligh & Levadoux(1980) method(이미지참조) 123
Fig. 7.28. Estimation of kh by Jamiolkowski(1985) method(이미지참조) 123
Photo 2.1. General feature of piezocone probe 16
Photo 2.2. Various kinds of cone 20
Photo 2.3. Piezocone test equipment 23
Photo 2.4. Piezocone penetration test procedure 24