Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 11
I. INTRODUCTION 13
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 19
A. Materials for Adhesive 19
B. Syntheses of Adhesives 19
C. Polymer Characterization Procedure and Preparation of Blends and Complex Coacervates 24
D. Bone Adhesion Property Test-Measuring stress at break, shear modulus and contact angle. 26
E. Sample Designation 29
III. RESULTS 30
A. Synthesis of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA), poly(dopamine methacrylamide-co-Methoxyethyl acrylate), PDM, and poly(dopamine methacrylamide- co-Methoxyethyl acrylate-co-2-ethyl cyano acrylate), PDMC. 30
B. Adhesion Properties 44
IV. Discussion 50
A. Requirements for Bone Adhesion 52
B. Complex Coacervates 53
C. Comparisons with Literature Data 57
D. Application in the Field of Orthopedics 59
V. Conclusion 60
REFERENCES 61
Table 1. Previous reports in medical adhesives. 15
Table 2. Compositions of the complex coacervates in weight portion. 25
Table 3. Adhesive property data of complex coacervates from 6 repeated trials respectively. Super Glue was used as a reference. 48
Figure 1. Mussel-inspired surface modification by DOPA. 17
Figure 2. Synthetic scheme ofpoly(DMA-co-MEA) and poly(DMA-co-MEA-co-ECA) from DMA + MEA + ECA. 22
Figure 3. Femur from Korean native kettle cut to transverse sections. 26
Figure 4. Test of stress at break (a) and for shear modulus (b). 28
Figure 5. H¹-NMR spectra of DMA. 32
Figure 6. C¹³-NMR spectra of DMA. 33
Figure 7. IR spectra of DMA. 34
Figure 8. H¹-NMR spectrum of PDM. 36
Figure 9. Infrared spectrum of PDM. 37
Figure 10. Differential scanning calorimetry diagram of PDM. 38
Figure 11. H¹-NMR spectrum of PDMC. 40
Figure 12. C¹³-NMR spectrum of PDMC. 41
Figure 13. IR spectrum of PDMC. 42
Figure 14. Differential scanning calorimetry diagram of PDMC. 43
Figure 15. Stress at break of complex coacervates using UTM with Super Glue as a reference. 45
Figure 16. Shear modulus properties of complex coacervates on stainless steel plaques with Super Glue as a reference. 46
Figure 17. Contact angle of complex coacervates on stainless steel plaques with Super Glue as a reference. 47
Figure 18. Chemical structure of DOPA. 51
Figure 19. Model of coacervate structure and adhesive mechanisms. 55