표제지
목차
Nomenclature 5
제1장 서론 13
1.1. 연구 배경 13
1.2. 선행 연구 16
1.3. 연구 목적 및 내용 20
제2장 인쇄 페이스트 및 잉크의 유변학 23
2.1. 집전체용 은 페이스트 및 잉크의 유변학 23
(1) 집전체 - 은 페이스트 23
(2) 집전체 - 은 잉크 27
2.2. 전극용 활성탄소 페이스트의 유변학 28
2.3. 전극용 활성탄소 페이스트의 인쇄성 평가 31
제3장 인쇄 공정을 이용한 전기이중층 커패시터의 제작 49
3.1. 인쇄 공정 49
3.2. 전기이중층 커패시터 (EDLC) 50
(1) Helmholtz model 52
(2) Gouy-Champman model 53
(3) Stern Model 58
3.3. 스크린 인쇄를 이용한 EDLC의 제작 61
(1) 스크린 인쇄 61
(2) 스크린 인쇄를 이용한 EDLC 제작 62
(3) 집전체 페이스트 종류에 따른 전기이중층 커패시터 반쪽전지 제작 64
3.4. 스프레이를 이용한 EDLC의 제작 65
(1) 스프레이 코팅 공정 65
(2) 스프레이 코팅을 이용한 EDLC 제작 65
3.5. 슬롯다이를 이용한 EDLC의 제작 67
(1) 슬롯다이 코팅 공정 67
(2) 슬롯다이를 이용한 EDLC의 제작 68
제4장 전기화학적 특성 분석 95
4.1. 순환 전압-전류법 95
(1) 선형 주사 전압-전류법 (LSV, linear sweep voltammetry) 95
(2) 순환 전압-전류법 (CV, cyclic voltammetry) 95
(3) 순환 전압-전류법 이용한 전기이중층 커패시터의 특성 측정 96
4.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 99
(1) 임피던스 99
(2) 임피던스의 도시 101
4.3. 스크린 인쇄를 이용한 EDLC의 전기화학적 특성 107
(1) 제조된 활성탄소 페이스트 (NAC-4)를 이용해 제작한 반쪽전지 107
(2) 집전체 페이스트 종류에 따른 반쪽전지 109
4.4. 스프레이를 이용한 EDLC의 전기화학적 특성 110
4.5. 슬롯다이를 이용한 EDLC의 전기화학적 특성 112
4.6. 제작된 EDLC의 성능 비교 113
4.7. 제작된 EDLC의 내구성 및 유연성 분석 114
(1) 내구성 분석 114
(2) 유연성 분석 115
제5장 결론 및 고찰 151
참고문헌 154
Abstract 159
Table 1.1. Analysis of preview studies. 18
Table 2.1. Physical properties of silver nano paste (ES ink). 33
Table 2.2. Composition of the nano activated carbon pastes. 34
Table 2.3. Measured yield stress and crossover point of the AC pastes. 35
Table 3.1. Specification of the silver (Ag) pastes. 70
Table 3.2. Thickness of the printed current collectors. 71
Table 3.3. Process conditions for coating of the silver nano-ink in the slot-die coating. 72
Table 3.4. Process conditions for coating of the activated carbon ink in the slot-die coating. 73
Table 4.1. Comparison of the characteristics of the three printed EDLC. 117
Fig. 1.1. Structure of the EDLC. 22
Fig. 2.1. HAKKE MARS rotational rheometer. 36
Fig. 2.2. Rheological properties of ES ink 37
Fig. 2.3. Results of amplitude sweep test of the ES ink. 38
Fig. 2.4. Results of frequency sweep test of the ES ink. 39
Fig. 2.5. Phase difference of the ES ink. 40
Fig. 2.6. Rheological properties of the fabricated ink for spray coating 41
Fig. 2.7. Rheological properties of the fabricated ink for slot die coating 42
Fig. 2.8. Rheological characteristics of AC paste 43
Fig. 2.9. Results of stress sweep test and crossover point of the AC pastes. 44
Fig. 2.10. Results of frequency sweep test of the AC pastes 45
Fig. 2.11. Phase difference (δ) of the AC pastes. 46
Fig. 2.12. Printing results of the AC pastes 47
Fig. 2.13. 3D image of the printed pattern 48
Fig. 3.1. Three different models for electric double layer 74
Fig. 3.2. The micro structure of EDLC. 75
Fig. 3.3. Charging and discharging curve of EDLC. 76
Fig. 3.4. Two parallel capacitor ; capacitor model for EDLC. 77
Fig. 3.5. View of the solution near the electrode surface as a series of laminae. 78
Fig. 3.6. A Gaussian box enclosing the charge in the diffuse layer opposite an area, A, of the electrode surface. 79
Fig. 3.7. Schematic illustration of Stern model. 80
Fig. 3.8. Schematic diagram of the screen printing. 81
Fig. 3.9. Schematic diagram of the screen mesh deformation 82
Fig. 3.10. Schematic diagram for (a) fabrication of the current collector, (b) electrode using screen printing, and (c) used screen printer. 83
Fig. 3.11. 3D image of the printed current collector. 84
Fig. 3.12. 3D image of the printed electrode. 85
Fig. 3.13. The structure of the EDLC 86
Fig. 3.14. The spray coating system. 87
Fig. 3.15. Schematic diagram for (a) fabrication of the current collector and (b) fabrication of the electrode using the spray coating. 88
Fig. 3.16. The structure of (b) the EDLC half cell and (C) the spray coated EDLC half cell. 89
Fig. 3.17. Measured image of the spray coated 90
Fig. 3.18. Sketch of the slot die coating bead. 91
Fig. 3.19. Schematic diagram for (a) fabrication of the current collector, (b) fabrication of the electrode using the slot die coating. 92
Fig. 3.20. Measured image of the slot die coated film 93
Fig. 3.21. The structure of (b) the EDLC half cell and (c) the slot die coated EDLC. 94
Fig. 4.1. Cyclic voltammetry 118
Fig. 4.2. RC circuit for potential step. 119
Fig. 4.3. Current and potential profile with time in potential step experiment. 120
Fig. 4.4. RC circuit for current step. 121
Fig. 4.5. Voltage ramp experiment 122
Fig. 4.6. Cyclic linear potential sweep 123
Fig. 4.7. The Nyquist plots of (a) the resistance and (b) the capacitor. 124
Fig. 4.8. RC circuit 125
Fig. 4.9. The Nyquist plot of series RC circuit. 126
Fig. 4.10. Equivalent circuits of (a) the 3 electrodes system and (b) the impedance. 127
Fig. 4.11. The Nyquist plot of electrochemical cell. 128
Fig. 4.12. Cyclic voltammogram of the printed half cells 129
Fig. 4.13. Comparison of calculated specific capacitances of the printed half cell 130
Fig. 4.14. Nyquist plot of the screen printed half cell. 131
Fig. 4.15. Bode plot of the screen printed half cell. 132
Fig. 4.16. Cyclic voltammograms of the printed super- capacitors in sodium sulfate electrolyte 133
Fig. 4.17. Comparison of the specific capacitances for different thicknesses of the current collectors 134
Fig. 4.18. Comparison of impedances for different thicknesses of the current collectors 135
Fig. 4.19. Cyclic voltammogram of the spray coated half cell 136
Fig. 4.20. Comparison of calculated specific capacitances of the spray coated half cell 137
Fig. 4.21. Nyquist plot of the spray coated half cell. 138
Fig. 4.22. Bode plot of the spray coated half cell. 139
Fig. 4.23. Cyclic voltammogram of the slot die coated half cell 140
Fig. 4.24. Comparison of calculated specific capacitance of the slot die coated half cell based on the area of the electrode. 141
Fig. 4.25. Nyquist plot of the slot die coated half cell. 142
Fig. 4.26. Bode plot of the slot die coated half cell. 143
Fig. 4.27. Cyclic test of the screen printed half cell with 1M Na₂SO₄. 144
Fig. 4.28. Equipment for the bending test. 145
Fig. 4.29. Results of the outer bending test 146
Fig. 4.30. Results of the inner bending test 147
Fig. 4.31. Results of the fatigue test 148
Fig. 4.32. Ratio of the specific capacitance after 5000 times bending test and initial specific capacitance with scan rate. 149
Fig. 4.33. Comparison of the impedance characteristics. 150