표제지
목차
List of Abbreviations 5
I. 서언 13
II. 연구사 17
1. 온대 과수의 휴면 17
1.1. 외재 휴면 17
1.2. 내재 휴면 20
1.3. 환경 휴면 20
2. 생장조절물질의 역할 21
2.1. 휴면과 관련된 생장조절물질의 역할 22
3. 온대 과수의 발아와 저온 요구도 27
III. 재료 및 방법 29
1. 식물 재료 29
1.1. 사과 29
1.2. 포도 31
1.3. 식물 재료 전처리 31
2. 휴면 평가를 위한 외적 특성 관찰 31
2.1. 발아율 및 발아 소요 일수 분석 31
2.2. 눈의 형태학적 특성 조사 32
2.3. 저온 요구도 계산 33
3. 기상 자료 수집 36
4. 대사 물질 분석 36
4.1. 표준 물질 및 용매 36
4.2. 앱시스산의 추출 및 함량 분석 36
4.3. 폴리아민의 추출 및 함량 분석 37
5. 탄수화물 분석 38
5.1. 가용성 당의 추출 및 함량 분석 38
5.2. 전분의 추출 및 함량 분석 39
IV. 결과 및 고찰 40
1. 'Fuji' 사과나무의 휴면 평가를 위한 외적 특성 관찰 40
1.1. 발아 특성에 따른 휴면 심도 판정 40
1.2. 발아 특성에 따른 저온 요구도 설정 43
1.3. 휴면 심도에 따른 눈 발달 관찰 49
2. 'Fuji' 사과나무의 생물 계절 및 휴면 심도에 따른 대사 물질 추적 60
2.1. 앱시스산의 함량 변화 60
2.2. 폴리아민의 조성 및 함량 변화 62
2.3. 탄수화물의 조성 및 함량 변화 67
3. 'Campbell Early' 포도나무의 휴면 평가를 위한 외적 특성 관찰 76
3.1. 발아 특성에 따른 휴면 심도 판정 76
3.2. 발아 특성에 따른 저온 요구도 설정 81
3.3. 휴면 심도에 따른 눈 발달 관찰 84
4. 'Campbell Early' 포도나무의 생물 계절 및 휴면 심도에 따른 대사 물질 추적 92
4.1. 앱시스산의 함량 변화 92
4.2. 폴리아민의 조성 및 함량 변화 94
4.3. 탄수화물의 조성 및 함량 변화 100
V. 종합 고찰 110
VI. 참고문헌 114
VII. 부록 132
국문초록 138
Abstract 143
Table 1. Values of CU as a function of hourly temperature 35
Table 2. Bud break rate of 'Fuji' apple trees in a single stem cuttings made at different DAFB 41
Table 3. Shoot diameter, vegetative bud and flower bud length and diameter of 'Fuji' apple trees 54
Table 4. Comparison of shoot and bud characteristics according to vegetative bud and flower bud of 'Fuji' apple trees 55
Table 5. Comparison of shoot and bud characteristics according to vegetative bud and flower bud in spur of 'Fuji' apple trees 59
Table 6. Variation of putrescine to spermidine ratio in buds, one-year-old branches, and two-year-old branches of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 66
Table 7. Shoot and bud characteristics of 'Campbell Early' grapevine 87
Table 8. Bud survival rate and flower bud differentiation of 'Campbell Early' grapevine 88
Table 9. Coefficient correlation between bud survival rate, flower bud differentiation, month, and bud characteristics of 'Campbell Early' grapevine 91
Table 10. Variation of putrescine to spermidine ratio in buds and one-yearold branches of 'Campbell Early' grapevines in 2012-2013 seasons 97
Fig. 1. Diagram of signals and typical seasons corresponding to the different types of dormancy 18
Fig. 2. The ABA biosynthetic pathway 23
Fig. 3. The polyamine biosynthetic pathway 18
Fig. 4. Cultivation area of apple and grapevine cultivars in Korea 30
Fig. 5. Symptom of bud necrosis in 'Campbell Early' grapevines 34
Fig. 6. Maximum and minimum temperatures during sampling time in 2011-2012 seasons 45
Fig. 7. Chill unit accumulation pattern in the CH, and Utah models in 2011-2012 seasons 46
Fig. 8. Cross sectioned flower buds in 'Fuji' apple trees 50
Fig. 9. Cross sectioned flower bud necrosis in 'Fuji' apple trees 53
Fig. 10. Flower bud formed in the auxiliary (laterial) position (A) and on spur (B) of 'Fuji' apple shoot 57
Fig. 11. Distribution of various buds in 'Fuji' apple trees 58
Fig. 12. Changes in ABA contents in buds, one-year-old branches, and two-year-old branches of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 61
Fig. 13. Changes of in free polyamine (PA; putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) contents in buds (A), one-year-old branches (B), and two-year- old branches (C) of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 64
Fig. 14. Changes of soluble sugar contents in buds (A), one-year-old branches (B), and two-year-old branches (C) of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 69
Fig. 15. Changes of total soluble sugar contents in buds, one-year-old branches, and two-year-old branches of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 71
Fig. 16. Regression analysis for total soluble sugar contents in buds (A and A'), one-year-old branches (B and B'), and two-year-old branches (C and C') of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons, as determined from Fig. 15 73
Fig. 17. Changes of starch contents (A) in different organs of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 74
Fig. 18. Comparison of total soluble sugar and starch contents in one-yearbranches and two-year-old branches of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2011-2012 seasons 77
Fig. 19. Duration of first bud break of 'Campbell Early' grapevine according to sampling time in 2012-2013 seasons 78
Fig. 20. Changes of bud break rate of 'Campbell Early' grapevine according to days after water cutting duration 80
Fig. 21. Maximum and minimum temperatures during sampling time in 2012-2013 seasons 82
Fig. 22. Chill unit accumulation pattern in the CH model and Utah model in 2012-2013 seasons 83
Fig. 23. Longitudinal sections of axillary bud in 'Campbell Early' grapevines 86
Fig. 24. Changes in ABA contents in buds and one-year-old branches of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 93
Fig. 25. Changes of free polyamine (PA; putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) contents in buds (A) and one-year-old branches (B) of 'Campbell Early' grapevines in 2012-2013 seasons 95
Fig. 26. Changes of soluble sugar contents in buds (A) and one-year-old branches (B) of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 99
Fig. 27. Changes of total soluble sugar contents (A) and regression analysis (B) in buds and one-year-old branches of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 102
Fig. 28. Changes of soluble sugar composition in buds (A) and one-year-old branches (B) of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 103
Fig. 29. Changes of starch contents (A) and regression analysis (B) in buds and one-year-old branches of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 105
Fig. 30. Comparison of total soluble sugar and starch contents in one-yearbranches of 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012-2013 seasons 107