Title Page
Contents
Abstract 8
Chapter I. Single Junction Solar Cell Based on Vacuum Deposited CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Layer 10
I.1. Introduction 11
I.2. Experimental Method 14
I.3. Results and Discussion 17
I.4. Conclusion 42
Chapter II. Fully Vacuum Processed CH₃NH₃PbI₃ / c-Si Tandem Solar Cell 43
II.1. Introduction 44
II.2. Experimental Method 46
II.3. Results and Discussion 48
II.4. Conclusion 54
국문초록 55
References 58
Chapter I. 7
Table 1-1. The working pressure value of the chamber recorded while heating the crucible of CH₃NH₃I. 21
Table 1-2. The photovoltaic parameters of the devices processed with co-deposition and sequential deposition. 33
Table 1-3. The photovoltaic performances of the devices formed by all vacuum processed. 41
Chapter II 7
Table 2-1. The photovoltaic parameters of the devices of perovskite/Si tandem cell with various interlayer/Spiro-TTB 50
Chapter I 5
Figure 1-1. The schematic illustration of two vacuum deposition methods to fabricate a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite layer. 17
Figure 1-2. Image of (a) thermal evaporator chamber, (b) sensor monitors, (c) crucible of MAI, and (d) MAPDI3 perovskite film fabricated by the... 18
Figure 1-3. Simultaneous DSC/TGA data of CH₃NH₃I. 20
Figure 1-4. Data recording temperature change of substrate during sequential deposition. 22
Figure 1-5. XRD patterns of glass/perovskite thin films prepared by (a) co-deposition and (b) sequential deposition. 25
Figure 1-6. Absorbance spectra of glass/perovskite thin films prepared by (a) co-deposition and (b) sequential deposition. 26
Figure 1-7. AFM images of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films prepared on top of ITO/C60 layer by thermal deposition; co-deposition (a) without annealing, (b)...[이미지참조] 27
Figure 1-8. SEM images of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films prepared on top of glass by thermal deposition; co-deposition (a) without annealing, (b) with 100℃... 29
Figure 1-9. SEM cross-section images of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ layer on the glass by thermal vacuum deposition; co-deposition (a) without annealing, (b)... 30
Figure 1-10. Schematic diagram of the device structure of a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ based solar cell and corresponding energy level diagram. 31
Figure 1-11. J-V curves and EQE spectra of (a), (b) co-deposited perovskite device and J-V curves of (c) sequentially deposited perovskite device. 33
Figure 1-12. SEM cross-sectional images of (a) PbI₂, and (c),(e) CH₃NH₃PbI₃. (b) and (d) are XRD patterns of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ on the patterned ITO... 35
Figure 1-13. Schematic diagram of (a) the device structure of a fully vacuum-deposited solar cell and (b) corresponding energy level diagram. (c)... 37
Figure 1-14. Absorbance spectra with a thickness of Spiro-TTB layer. 38
Figure 1-15. The J-V curves of the devices contained Spiro-TTB (a) without annealing, and (b) with 100℃ annealing. 40
Chapter II 6
Figure 2-1. (a) Device structure and (b) picture of perovskite/Si tandem cell. 48
Figure 2-2. The J-V curve of perovskite/Si tandem cell with various interlayer/Spiro-TTB. 49
Figure 2-3. SEM images of perovskite solar cell on top of the Si cell. 51
Figure 2-4. TEM images of perovskite solar cell on top of the Si cell. 52