Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
INTRODUCTION 10
MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
1. Cell cultures 14
2. Treatment 14
3. Cellular proliferation assay 15
4. Fluorescence microscopy 16
5. Cell cycle assay 16
6. Apoptosis measurement 17
7. Intracellular calcium level measurement 17
8. Flow cytometry 18
9. Western Blotting 19
10. In vitro cell migration assay 20
11. Statistical analysis 20
RESULTS 21
1. Combinatory treatment paclitaxel and ATRA synergistically inhibit ADPKD cell proliferation. 21
2. Combinatory treatment of paclitaxel and ATRA induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by up-regulation of p53 and caspase-dependent pathway. 29
3. Combinatory treatment paclitaxel and ATRA up-regulates intracellular calcium level by inducing calcium channel activation through RAR/RXR-dependent pathway. 35
4. Synergistic anti-proliferation of combinatory treatment of paclitaxel with ATRA effects on the ERK signaling pathway. 42
DISCUSSION 45
REFERENCES 52
Table 1. The putative binding site of transcription factors on... 41
Figure 1. Paclitaxel and ATRA inhibit the proliferation of the... 23
Figure 2. Combinatory treatment of paclitaxel with ATRA... 26
Figure 3. Combinatory treatment of paclitaxel with ATRA... 28
Figure 4. Combinatory treatment of paclitaxel and ATRA... 32
Figure 5. Combinatory treatment of paclitaxel and ATRA... 34
Figure 6. Combinatory treatment paclitaxel and ATRA up-... 38
Figure 7. Intracellular Ca2+ level was enhanced by induced Ca2+...(이미지참조) 40
Figure 8. Synergistic anti-proliferation of combinatory... 44
Figure 9. Proposed mechanism of combination paclitaxel and... 51