The purpose of this study is to find a new healing system based on the teaching of the Buddha that appears in the early Buddhist scriptures to escape the suffering of the disease that modern people suffer. For this purpose, this study attempts to review the overall healing system of the early Buddhism such as types, causes and cure of diseases appearing in the Pāli Tipitaka.
The Buddha was at that time called the Great Lord of healing. Just because The Buddha was called the Great Lord of healing does not mean that The Buddha directly treated the patients. The Buddha, the Great Lord of healing was the one who preached the Dhamma to relieve the suffering of beings. With the Dhamma, The Buddha took the people out of the wrong view and removed the akusala dhamma like Greed-hatred-delusion so that it would never occur again.
A particular method of healing a disease acknowledged by the Buddha is Paritta(protective Buddhist scriptures) recitation. Paritta has the meaning of sutta protecting from difficulties. The Paritta is not a mythical power or acknowledgment of authority in a particular word itself, such as mantra. The authoritative power of Paritta comes from the utterance of truth and loving kindness. Ratana Sutta(Jewel Discourse) is a suitable paritta for this period of the pandemic, such as COVID-19. Ratana Sutta is discourse which caused to disappear the three dangers resulting from pandemic, non-human beings and famine in the city of Vesālī with the power of truth to praise Ti-Ratana's(Three Jewels, the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Holy Sangha) meritorious deeds and the loving kindness for all beings.
Disease is divided into body and mind disease in Early Buddhism. Most people are concerned only about body diseases and are trying to heal. However the Buddha gave the following teachings. "Even though I am afflicted in body, my mind will be unafflicted, Thus should you train your self." It is because diseases of the mind are more fundmental and pose a greater danger than diseases of the body. Diseases of the mind here mean Akusala dhamma such as Greed-hatred-delusion. Akusala Dhamma can become mental disorder if it goes too far and cause repeated rebirth.
Samatha and Vipassana bhāvanā are mental development in early Buddhism to rule akusala dhamma. Samatha(Tranquility) bhāvanā has 40 subjects of meditation in Visuddhi magga and those subjects of meditation suppress the corresponding akusala dhamma. Practicing Vipassana bhāvanā develop Vipassana wisdom. At each stage of Vipassana wisdom, akusala dhamma is grdually removed. At the peak of practice, vipassanā wisdom reaches path consciousness(magga citta), and the path consciousness uproots akusala dhamma. Path consciousness of Arahantship uproots all akusala dhamma, Fruition consciousness of Arahantship is completely free from diseases of all minds. Therefore, The Arahant can be said to be 'a completely healthy person without a mind disease.' Practicing Samatha and Vipassana bhāvanā leads to realization of a truly healthy life.
Currently, COVID-19 is raging and driving the entire human race into the pain of disease. This pandemic must also be seen as being born out of a unwholesome consciousness like rooted in greed. It is because there is an aspect that a phenomenon is a reflection of the human mind. If humans do not abandon their unwholesome consciousness and pursue only their own interests, they will become the most malicious virus on the planet Earth.
To fight COVID-19 that threatens the entire human race, we must not only focus on the development of new drugs, but also gradually reduce our unwholesome consciousness. To overcome the current pandemic, we should do reciting Paritta like Ratana Sutta and practice loving kindness for all beings. The body and mind are connected and I and other beings are in a symbiotic relationship. You should not pay attention only to your body when there is a disease in your body. If you practice the right efforts and the four foundations of mindfulness to heal a disease of the mind, you will also be able to achieve your health of the body and live a symbiotic life with other beings peacefully.