표제지
목차
요약 5
기호설명 11
I. 서론 12
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 12
2. 연구내용 14
II. 이론적 배경 15
1. 하수 고도처리의 필요성 15
1.1. 국내 하수 고도처리시설의 운영 현황 15
1.2. 하수 고도처리 시설의 유지 보수 현황 18
1.3. 하수 고도처리시설의 질소 농도 규제 정책의 변화 19
2. 생물학적 고도처리 25
2.1. 생물학적 하수처리의 배경 25
2.2. 생물학적 질소·인 제거 발전 과정 26
2.3. 생물학적 질소 제거(Biological nitrogen removal) 28
2.4. 생물학적 인 제거(Biological Phosphorus Removal) 50
2.5. 생물학적 질소·인 제거 기술 68
3. 연속식 회분반응기(Sequence Batch Reactor; SBR) 77
3.1. 연속식 회분반응기의 주요 특징 77
3.2. 국내·외 기술 보급 현황 80
3.3. 변형된 연속식 회분반응기 공법 85
III. 실험장치 및 실험방법 87
1. 실험장치 87
1.1. Lab-scale 내부순환 연속식 회분반응기(IC-SBR) 87
1.2. 등압분할법을 이용한 내부순환관의 설계 88
1.3. 내부순환 연속식 회분반응기(IC-SBR)의 Pilot plant 93
2. 내부순환 연속식 회분반응기(IC-SBR)의 운전방법 94
2.1. 유입 원수의 성분조성 94
2.2. 운전 방법 95
2.3. 분석방법 97
IV. 실험 결과 및 고찰 98
1. 내부순환에 따른 질소제거율 평가 98
1.1. 등압분할법을 이용한 내부순환관의 설계 98
1.2. SBR과 내부순환관을 적용한 SBR(IC-SBR)의 처리효율 평가 101
2. 다단계 유입을 통한 고농도 질소 제거 103
2.1. C/N비 2.25일 때의 질소제거 양상 104
2.2. C/N비 3일 때의 질소제거 양상 107
2.3. C/N비 4.5일 때의 질소제거 양상 110
3. C/N비에 따른 다단계 유입 시 원수 주입 비율 산정 113
3.1. 질소 제거율 산정 113
3.2. 시간에 따른 질산화량 및 탈질량 산출 114
3.3. 다단계 유입에 따른 질소 제거 수식 산출 및 적정 주입 비율 산정 116
4. IC-SBR운영 시 간헐포기를 통한 인의 흡수 및 침전기능의 향상 119
4.1. 간헐포기를 통한 인의 흡수 양상 119
4.2. 간헐포기를 통한 슬러지의 침전기능 향상 121
5. Pilot plant의 처리효율 평가 122
V. 결론 127
참고문헌 129
Abstract 138
Table 2.1. Status of application of advanced sewage treatment facilities nationwide 16
Table 2.2. Status of application of advanced processing method according to.... 17
Table 2.3. Management expenses by year 18
Table 2.4. Water quality for public sewage treatment facilities in korea 20
Table 2.5. Water quality for public wastewater treatment facilities in korea 21
Table 2.6. Water quality for private sewage treatment facilithies in korea 22
Table 2.7. Water quality for sewage treatment facilities in Germany 23
Table 2.8. Water quality for public sewage treatment facilities in USA 23
Table 2.9. Water quality for public sewage treatment facilities in Japan. 24
Table 2.10. Characteristics of nitrification 29
Table 2.11. Coefficients acceptable for design of nitrification system oxygen... 31
Table 2.12. Maximum specific growth rates and half-saturation coefficient... 33
Table 2.13. Maximum specific growth rates for Nitrosomonas as a function... 35
Table 2.14. Inhibitors and concentration of compound giving at least 50%... 37
Table 2.15. Inhibitory FA and FNA concentration. 38
Table 2.16. Temperature calibration coefficients for modelling denitrification 48
Table 2.17. Concentrations of phosphorus in aquous condition 50
Table 2.18. Biological phosphorus removal steps. 52
Table 2.19. Comparison of biological phosphorus removal model 55
Table 2.20. Comparison of the modified SBR method 85
Table 3.1. Characteristics of the domestic wastewater 94
Table 3.2. Concentration of nutrients for IC-SBR experiment 94
Table 3.3. Operation conditions of lab-scale. 96
Table 4.1. C/N비 및 다단계 유입에 따른 질소와 유기물 제거 양상 112
Fig. 2.1. Variation of public sewage treatment facilities by years. 16
Fig. 2.2. Principle of biological phosphorus removal. 51
Fig. 2.3. Comeau - Wentzel model. 53
Fig. 2.4. Mino model 54
Fig. 2.5. Precipitation and dissolution of phosphorus by phosphate accumulation. 58
Fig. 2.6. Modified Ludzak-Ettinger process. 68
Fig. 2.7. Four-state Bardenpho process. 69
Fig. 2.8. Oxidation ditch process. 70
Fig. 2.9. Phostrip process. 71
Fig. 2.10. A/O process. 72
Fig. 2.11. SBR process. 73
Fig. 2.12. A2/O process. 74
Fig. 2.13. UCT process. 75
Fig. 2.14. VIP process. 76
Fig. 2.15. Sequencing batch rector(SBR). 77
Fig. 2.16. Schemotic diagram of fluid bed carrier method. 81
Fig. 3.1. Schematic diagram of the lab-scale modified SBR(IC-SBR). 88
Fig. 3.2. Distribution of dissolved oxygen at 10 cm at... 90
Fig. 3.3. Schematic diagram of the Internal circulation line using a... 92
Fig. 3.4. Schematic diagram of the Internal circulation line using a... 92
Fig. 3.5. Pilot plant IC-SBR 93
Fig. 3.6. Time Sequence of IC-SBR 95
Fig. 3.7. Operation process of IC-SBR (A) and the conventional SBR (B). 96
Fig. 4.1. Schematic diagram of the internal circulation line according to the... 98
Fig. 4.2. Comparison of outflow water pressure depending on the type of... 99
Fig. 4.3. Distribution of outflow depending on the type of internal circulation... 100
Fig. 4.4. Dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles in the conventional SBR and... 101
Fig. 4.5. Variations of ammonia and nitrate concentration of SBR and... 102
Fig. 4.6. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 104
Fig. 4.7. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 105
Fig. 4.8. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 107
Fig. 4.9. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 108
Fig. 4.10. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 110
Fig. 4.11. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of IC-SBR... 111
Fig. 4.12. Nitrogen removal rate of 6 samples and 4,605 mlss concentration. 113
Fig. 4.13. Nitrification rate of 6 samples and 4,605 mlss concentration. 114
Fig. 4.14. Denitrification rate of 6 samples and 4,605 mlss concentration. 115
Fig. 4.15. Effluent concentration of nitrogen according to C/N ratio and step... 117
Fig. 4.16. Comparison between equation(1) and experimental results of... 118
Fig. 4.17. Sequence of IC-SBR reactor. 119
Fig. 4.18. Phosphorus release and uptake at SBR(a) and IC-SBR(b) process.... 120
Fig. 4.19. Sediment effect with or without aeration in multi-step addition... 121
Fig. 4.20. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of... 123
Fig. 4.21. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of... 124
Fig. 4.22. Variations of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of... 125