Title Page
Contents
List of Abbreviations 8
Abstract 10
요약 12
I. Introduction 14
1.1. Background 14
1.2. Objective 16
1.3. Scope and Methodology 17
1.4. Literature survey 20
1.5. Thesis organization 24
II. Theory 26
2.1. Factors influencing on the energy efficiency of ships 26
2.2. The energy efficiency design index 28
2.3. The operational measures to the improvement of energy efficiency 31
2.4. The AIS technical characteristics 32
2.5. The tide and tidal current 36
III. The Data Processing of AIS information 38
3.1. The status of ships 38
3.2. Pre-processing of AIS information 39
IV. The Calculation of Fuel consumption using AIS Information 44
4.1. The equation for the calculation of fuel consumption 44
4.2. The calculation result of fuel consumption 47
4.3. The analysis of calculation results 48
V. Analysis 52
5.1. The comparison of fuel consumption between the ship's records and the calculation 52
5.1.1. The performance of the old oil tanker (Tanker 1) 54
5.1.2. The performance of new oil tanker (Tanker 2) 57
5.1.3. The comparison of the performances of two tankers 59
5.2. The analysis of the change of SOGs at chokepoints 63
5.2.1. The speed change of Tanker 1 at the chokepoints 66
5.2.2. The speed change of Tanker 2 at the chokepoints 68
5.3. The analysis on tidal current at the chokepoints 70
5.3.1. The measured data of tidal current 71
5.3.2. The modelling data of tidal current 72
5.4. The influence of the ship's displacement and age 76
5.5. The simulation on the effect of tidal current 79
VI. Conclusion 83
6.1. Conclusion 83
6.2. Future work 87
References 89
Table 1. Reduction factors (in percentage) for the EEDI Reference line 29
Table 2. Parameters for determination of reference values 29
Table 3. AIS Information sent by a ship 33
Table 4. Reporting intervals of AIS information 34
Table 5. Current speed at prominent coastal places in 2019 37
Table 6. Average current speed of the Korean Coasts in the Second Quarter 37
Table 7. The status of ships being analyzed 38
Table 8. SOG distribution of Ships' AIS raw data 40
Table 9. The example of abnormal speed change 41
Table 10. Dataset for analysis after the second pre-filtering 43
Table 11. The sample of converting the figures of Latitude and Longitude 46
Table 12. The sample of estimating bunker consumption calculated by using the... 47
Table 13. The comparison of fuel consumption between the ship's records... 48
Table 14. The compassion of bunker consumption for the main engine between... 49
Table 15. Sailing performance on each voyage for Tanker 1 55
Table 16. Sailing performance on each voyage for Tanker 2 57
Table 17. The abstract data of the sailing performance of two oil tankers 60
Table 18. The percentage of gauging data near the chokepoints in 2018 71
Table 19. The change of tidal current on a lunar perigee at the chokepoints 73
Table 20. The assumption of fuel consumption in the ballast legs under speed control 78
Table 21. The gain and loss by the tidal current from the simulation 81
Figure 1. Study Flow Chart 19
Figure 2. Energy segregation of 6,000 DWT Feeder, Beaufort 6 27
Figure 3. Speed loss with increase in Beaufort number 32
Figure 4. The coverage of shore-based AIS sites along the Korean peninsular 35
Figure 5. Three basic tide patterns in shorelines 36
Figure 6. The distribution of ship's speeds 42
Figure 7. Normal sailing routes of two Oil tankers (Left) and the example of... 53
Figure 8. The examples of SOGs per voyage of Tanker 1 64
Figure 9. The locations of chokepoints (Ong-Do, Maemul-Do and Geomun-Do... 65
Figure 10. The instant speed of each voyage for Tanker 1 at the chokepoints 67
Figure 11. The instant speed of each voyage for Tanker 2 at the chokepoints 69
Figure 12. The current speed measured at off Tae-an Port (Left) and the Jeju... 72
Figure 13. The direction and speed of tidal current on the day of a lunar perigee... 75
Figure 14. The locations for simulating the prediction of tidal current 79
Figure 15. Expected current effect in the laden leg 80
Figure 16. Expected current effect in the ballast leg 80