Title Page

Contents

Abstract 10

Chapter One. Introduction 12

1.1. Background to the Study 12

1.2. Research Problem 18

1.3. Research Objectives 20

1.4. The Hypothesis of the Study 20

1.5. Significance of the Research 21

1.6. Scope of the Research 22

1.7. Limitation of the Study 23

1.8. Plan of Study 24

1.9. Outline of the dissertation 24

1.10. Definition of Terms 25

Chapter Two. Literature Review 28

2.1. Theoretical Framework 28

2.1.1. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory 30

2.1.2. Public Service Motivation (PSM) Theory 32

2.2. Leadership 34

2.2.1. The Concept of Leadership 34

2.2.2. Leadership and Management 41

2.2.3. Leadership in Education 44

2.2.4. Leadership Styles 50

2.3. Commitment 62

2.3.1. The Concept of Commitment 62

2.3.2. Teacher Commitment 66

2.3.3. Three-Component Model of Commitment 70

2.4. Job Satisfaction 74

2.4.1. The Concept Job Satisfaction 75

2.4.2. Teacher Job Satisfaction 81

2.4.3. Models of Job Satisfaction 83

2.5. Empirical Evidence on Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction 87

2.6. Empirical Evidence on Leadership Style and Employee Commitment 93

2.7. Research Gaps 96

2.8 Conclusion 97

Chapter Three. Research Methodology 98

3.1. Pilot Study 98

3.2. Participants 99

3.3. Data Collection Procedures 100

3.4. Measures 101

3.4.1. Leader-Member Exchange 103

3.4.2. Public Service Motivation 104

3.4.3. Job Satisfaction 107

3.4.4. Organizational Commitment. 107

Chapter Four. Results 109

4.1. Overview 109

4.2. Statistical Analysis Techniques 109

4.3. Survey Results 110

4.3.1. Response Rate 110

4.3.2. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 111

4.3.3. Descriptive Statistics 112

4.3.4. Reliability Test 113

4.3.5. Hypotheses Testing 113

4.3.6. Correlational Analysis 114

4.3.7. Demographic Characteristics, and LMX, PSM, TJS and TC 116

4.3.8. Multiple Regression Analysis 121

Chapter Five. Conclusions 126

5.1. Overview 126

5.2. Discussion of Findings 126

5.3. Implication of the Study 133

5.4. Research Limitations 137

5.5. Recommendations 138

5.6. Conclusion 139

References 142

APPENDICES 186

APPENDIX A. Survey Instrument as Seen by Participants 186

APPENDIX B. VARIABLE MEASURING INSTRUMENT 188

Abstract In Korean 195

Table 1.1. Educational System In Ghana 13

Table 2.1. List of Variable Definition 29

Table 2.2. Leadership and Management 44

Table 3.1. List Of Variable Definition And How Data Is Derived 102

Table 3.2. Leader Member Exchange 7 104

Table 3.3. Public Service Motivation (PSM) 106

Table 3.4. Job Satisfaction 107

Table 3.5. Organizational Commitment (Affective Commitment) 108

Table 4.1. Demographic Profile of Respondents (N＝176) 112

Table 4.2. Descriptive statistics 112

Table 4.3. Reliability Test 113

Table 4.4. Spearman's rho Correlations 115

Table 4.5. Demographics Characteristics And LMX 117

Table 4.6. Demographics Characteristics and PSM (N＝176) 118

Table 4.7. Demographics Characteristics and Teacher Job Satisfaction 119

Table 4.8. Demographics Characteristics and Teacher Commitment 120

Table 4.9. Linear Regression Coefficients For LMX And TJS 121

Table 4.10. Multiple Regression Analysis for LMX and Teacher Job Satisfaction 122

Table 4.11. Multiple Regression Analysis for PSM subscales and Teacher Job Satisfaction 122

Table 4.12. Linear Regression Coefficients for LMX And TC 123

Table 4.13. Multiple Regression Analysis for LMX and Teacher Commitment 124

Table 4.14. Multiple Regression Analysis for PSM and Teacher Commitment 125

Figure 2.1. Educational Leadership At The Second Cycle Institutions. 46

Figure 2.2. Shows The Factors To Which The Commitment Of Teachers Contributes. 67