표제지
목차
I. 서론 13
1. 연구배경 및 필요성 13
2. 연구 목표 20
II. 이론적 배경 22
1. 독성물질 사고사례 22
2. 선행연구 분석 23
3. 독성가스 및 관리대상물질의 특성 및 위험성 28
가. 황화수소의 위험성 30
나. 염소가스의 위험성 31
다. 불화수소의 위험성 32
라. 암모니아의 위험성 33
마. 일산화탄소의 위험성 34
바. 염화수소의 위험성 35
사. 독성가스 누출감지경보기의 경보설정 36
4. 누출률 추정 41
5. 피해영향범위 산정 프로그램 43
가. DNV-GL사의 PHAST 44
나. Ansys사의 Fluent 45
6. 가스누출감지기의 종류 및 성능 46
III. 피해영향범위 산정을 위한 시나리오 조건 설정 47
1. 대상 가스 선정 47
2. 가상의 설비 취급 공간 및 설비 설정 등 47
3. 기상조건, 누출공 및 누출시간 설정 48
4. 운전압력 및 운전온도 설정 49
5. 환기조건 및 건축물 내부 배치 조건 50
IV. 피해예측 결과 51
1. 누출률 추정 51
가. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @30 ㎥ 51
나. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @50 ㎥ 53
다. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @70 ㎥ 55
라. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @90 ㎥ 57
마. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario 3 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 59
바. Ammonia Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 61
사. Carbon monoxide Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 63
아. Hydrogen chloride Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 65
2. 피해예측프로그램 예측 결과 67
가. 황화수소 16 ppm 및 1,000 ppm 67
나. 염소가스 0.8 ppm 및 1,000 ppm 71
다. 불화수소 0.8 ppm 및 250 ppm 75
라. 암모니아 40 ppm 및 5,000 ppm 79
마. 일산화탄소 48 ppm 및 12,800 ppm 83
바. 염화수소 1.6 ppm 및 1,000 ppm 87
3. 전산유체역학프로그램 산정 결과 91
가. 암모니아 누출 시 가스누출감지기 1~4번 감지 결과 92
나. 일산화탄소 누출 시 가스누출감지기 1~4번 감지 결과 95
V. 결론 98
참고문헌 101
ABSTRACT 104
Table 1. Chemical Substance Statistical Status 15
Table 2. Comparison table 20
Table 3. Physical properties of target gas 29
Table 4. Symptoms by Hydrogen sulfide concentration 30
Table 5. Symptoms by Chlorine gas concentration 31
Table 6. Symptoms by Hydrogen fluoride concentration 32
Table 7. Symptoms by ammonia concentration 33
Table 8. Symptoms by carbon monoxide concentration 34
Table 9. Symptoms by hydrogen chloride concentration 35
Table 10. Comparison table 36
Table 11. Hazardous Exposure Criteria for Target gas 37
Table 12. Location data 48
Table 13. Gas cylinder & Equipment data 48
Table 14. Weather condition 49
Table 15. Setting of Scenario 50
Table 16. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario per sec./pressure @30 ㎥ 52
Table 17. Hydrogen sulfide Concentration of interest @30 ㎥ 52
Table 18. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario per sec./pressure @50 ㎥ 53
Table 19. Hydrogen sulfide Concentration of interest @50 ㎥ 54
Table 20. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario per sec./pressure @70 ㎥ 55
Table 21. Hydrogen sulfide Concentration of interest @70 ㎥ 56
Table 22. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario per sec./pressure @90 ㎥ 57
Table 23. Hydrogen sulfide Concentration of interest @90 ㎥ 58
Table 24. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario per sec./pressure 3 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 60
Table 25. Hydrogen sulfide Concentration of interest 3 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 60
Table 26. Ammonia Scenario per sec./pressure 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 61
Table 27. Ammonia Concentration of interest 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 62
Table 28. Carbon monoxide Scenario per sec./pressure 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 63
Table 29. Carbon monoxide Concentration of interest 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 64
Table 30. Hydrogen chloride Scenario per sec/pressure 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 65
Table 31. Hydrogen chloride Concentration of interest 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 66
Table 32. Hydrogen sulfide 16 ppm distance 67
Table 33. Hydrogen sulfide 16 ppm Distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec 67
Table 34. Hydrogen sulfide 1,000 ppm distance 69
Table 35. Hydrogen sulfide 1,000 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 69
Table 36. Chlorine gas 0.8 ppm distance 71
Table 37. Chlorine gas 0.8 ppm Distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 71
Table 38. Chlorine gas 1,000 ppm distance 73
Table 39. Chlorine gas 1,000 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 32 sec. 73
Table 40. Hydrogen fluoride 0.8 ppm distance 75
Table 41. Hydrogen fluoride 0.8 ppm distance @56, 112, 279, 2,450, 5,455 sec. 75
Table 42. Hydrogen fluoride 250 ppm distance 77
Table 43. Hydrogen fluoride 250 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 77
Table 44. Ammonia 40 ppm distance 79
Table 45. Ammonia 40 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 79
Table 46. Ammonia 5,000 ppm distance 81
Table 47. Ammonia 5,000 ppm distance @0.3, 8, 10 sec. 81
Table 48. Carbon Monoxide 48 ppm distance 83
Table 49. Carbon Monoxide 48 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 83
Table 50. Carbon Monoxide 12,800 ppm distance 85
Table 51. Carbon Monoxide 12,800 ppm distance @0.1, 1, 5, 10 sec. 85
Table 52. Hydrogen chloride 1.6 ppm distance 87
Table 53. Hydrogen chloride 1.6 ppm distance @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 87
Table 54. Hydrogen chloride 1,000 ppm distance 89
Table 55. Hydrogen chloride 1,000 ppm distance @1, 5, 6.7, 13.5 sec. 89
Fig. 1. Number of factory 14
Fig. 2. Chemical Substance Distribution Status 14
Fig. 3. Factory status 16
Fig. 4. Chemical Accident Status and Cases 16
Fig. 5. Consequence Analysis Process 43
Fig. 6. Consequence Analysis Program 44
Fig. 7. Computational Fluid Dynamics Process 45
Fig. 8. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @30 ㎥ 51
Fig. 9. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @50 ㎥ 53
Fig. 10. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @70 ㎥ 55
Fig. 11. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario @90 ㎥ 57
Fig. 12. Hydrogen sulfide Scenario 3 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 59
Fig. 13. Ammonia Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 61
Fig. 14. Carbon monoxide Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 63
Fig. 15. Hydrogen chloride Scenario 0.8 ㎥ @90 ㎥ 65
Fig. 16. Hydrogen sulfide 16 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 68
Fig. 17. Hydrogen sulfide 1,000 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 33 sec. 70
Fig. 18. Chlorine gas 0.8 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 72
Fig. 19. Chlorine gas 1,000 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 32 sec. 74
Fig. 20. Hydrogen fluoride 0.8 ppm movement @56, 112, 279, 2,450, 5,455 sec. 76
Fig. 21. Hydrogen fluoride 250 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 78
Fig. 22. Ammonia 40 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 80
Fig. 23. Ammonia 5,000 ppm movement @0.3, 8, 10 sec. 82
Fig. 24. Carbon Monoxide 48 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 84
Fig. 25. Carbon Monoxide 12,800 ppm movement @0.1, 1, 5, 10 sec. 86
Fig. 26. Hydrogen chloride 1.6 ppm movement @10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 sec. 88
Fig. 27. Hydrogen chloride 1,000 ppm movement @1, 5, 6.7, 13.5 sec. 90
Fig. 28. Scenario Room 91
Fig. 29. Computational Grid 91
Fig. 30. Ammonia Concentration @gas detector 1~4 92
Fig. 31. Ammonia concentration change @10, 30, 60 sec. 93
Fig. 32. Carbon monoxide Concentration @gas detector 1~4 95
Fig. 33. Carbon monoxide concentration change @10, 30, 60 sec. 96