Contents
Fax paper, effect doctrine and prosecution across the pacific : extraterritorial application of U.S. criminal antitrust statutes as found in Nippon paper industries / 이재민 1
I. Introduction 1
II. Underlying facts of Nippon paper industries 3
III. Extraterritorial jurisdiction of criminal statutes in the United States 5
(1) Congressional intent 6
(2) Legitimate basis for jurisdiction 7
(3) Reasonableness 9
(4) Other miscellaneous issues 9
IV. Relevant principles of international law 10
V. Development of case law in U.S. courts 14
(1) In the early years 14
(2) Alcoa effect test 14
(3) Timberlane balancing test 15
(4) Hartford fire "true conflict" test 16
VI. Application to Nippon paper industries 17
1. Review under elements for extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction 18
(1) Congressional intent 18
(2) Legitimate basis of jurisdiction 20
(3) Reasonableness 20
2. The effect doctrine as applied in Nippon paper industries 24
VII. Should a criminal action be treated differently from a civil action in international antitrust context? 26
1. Comparison of positions between first circuit and district court 26
2. Analysis : equal treatment may Be warranted 27
VIII. Conclusion : the reality and how to minimize international friction 30
〈References〉 33
〈국문초록〉 35