This paper investigated the reshaping of the topography of science and technology in the first half of Park Chung Hee’s regime. The military government advocated economic development as a national goal and used it as a political ideology to promote science and technology. At that time, Club, consisted of young scientists and engineers who had studied in the United States, became leaders of the Korean scientific community, because of their emphasis on applied and industrial research for economic development. The new political power and the scientific innercircle moved the core of science and technology from colleges into governmentsupported research institutes, including KIST. The state intervened to influence the direction of science and technology. Under these circumstances, even though Park’s administration rapidly developed applied science and industrial technology, it backfired by retarding pure science and generic technology. Korean science and technology under the domination of political power had two faces, like Janus.