본고에서는 中·韓·日 삼국의 文人詩·僧侶詩에 나타난 故鄕意識을 살펴보았다. 본능적인 歸巢本能에서 우러나오는 ‘故鄕에 대한 사랑과 그리움’은 가장 보편적인 人間情緖이며 가장 절실한 感情의 하나로서, 東西古今을 막론하고 많은 詩作品에서 題材 및 主題로 사용되었다. 그러나 같은 故鄕을 대상으로 쓴 詩라 하더라도, 細部的인 意味와 心象에 있어서, 詩人이 처한 自然環境이나 歷史, 文化的 背景, 그리고 개인적 才能이나 情況에 따라 많은 차이가 발견되었다.
마지막으로 韓國의 禪詩에 나타난 故鄕意識을 살펴보았다. 僧侶들은 일찍이 鄕里와 家族을 떠나 山門에 들어가 得度, 授戒한 宗敎人이란 점에서, 그들의 思鄕詩는 文人들의 그것과 同列로 論할 수 없다. 이들 禪詩에 나타나는 故鄕은 일반적 의미인 出生의 地理的 處所가 아니며, 대체로 다음 두 가지의 의미로 나타난다. 첫째, 故鄕을 覺, 解脫, 涅槃의 세계로 표현하는 것이며, ?止(1226∼1292)의 <答李公行險>와 慧勤(1320∼1377)의 <示諸念佛人>를 통해 구체적 양상을 살필 수 있었다. 둘째, 歸鄕을 臨終이나 辭世의 의미로 보아 죽음의 세계로 돌아가는 사실로 표현한 것으로서, ?止와 景閑(1298∼1375)의 臨終偈를 통해 그 일면을 엿볼 수 있었다.This paper is about the hometown consciousness represented in literati poetry and Buddhist monk poetry of China, Korea and Japan. "love and yearning for hometown" from the homing instinct is the most general human feeling and the most sincere emotions, which is also used as material and theme in many poetries in all ages and countries. However, although the poem is written about the same hometown, many differences are found according the natural environment, history, cultural background, and personal talent and situation in which the poet is placed in.
First, the largest part in the poem yearning for hometown is the hometown consciousness, which is the mediation and desire for hometown. These poetries are mainly about the love for hometown caused by homesickness from wandering foreign land. Among the chinese poerties are Lee Baek(701∼762)'s Jeongsaya, Jam Sam(715∼770)'s Gyeonwisajucheon, the Korean poetries are Im Eokryeong(1496∼1568)'s Songbaekgwanghunh -wanhyang and Hong Hyunju(1793~1865)'s Ueum, and the Japanese poetries are Bito Jisyu(1745∼1813)'s Cheongchung and Macheujaki kodo (1771∼1884)'s Chuirwabyeongyugam of the Edo Age.
Second, many poetry are about the earnest emotion of homecoming because of the poor transportation system unlike today. In China, the representative poetry is Do Yeonmyeong(365?∼427)'s Homecoming Poem, which is different from other literati poetries. Also including Ha Jijang (659∼744)'s Hoehyanguseo. Through Korean poetries Choi Yucheong(1095 ∼1174)'s Gowonchogwi and Hyujeong(1520~1604)'s Hwanhyang, and Japanese poetries Jukan Engesseu(1300∼1375)'s Gwihyangjungnyubakdagib -yeorwon and Ryokan(1758∼1831)'s Hyo, one's thought from homecoming can be found.
Finally, hometown consciousness can be found on Korean Zen poetry. Because Buddhist monks leave hometown and families and enter the temple at early age, their poems about nostalgia are different from those of the literati. The definition of hometown in Zen poetry is not the geological place of birthplace, but has these two meanings. First, hometown is expressed as a world of Buddhahood, Buddhistic emancipation, Nirvana, which can be seen in Chungji(1226∼1292)'s Dabigonghaengheom and Hyegeun(1320∼1377)'s Sijeyeomburin. Second, homecoming is expressed as return to death, which can be seen in Buddhist hymn about facing death by Chungji and Gyeonghan(1298∼1375).