This study attempts to capture the continuity and changes in Russia's foreign policy during the second term of Putin presidency. It compares Russia's policies toward the North Korean and Iranian nuclear issues. The paper emphasizes the differences in Russia's attitude toward North Korea and Iran while noting her committment to the reinforcement of the non-proliferation regimes. It argues that Russia adopted more active policy of geopolitical competition with the United States during Putin's second term. The changes have been reflected in Russia's policy regarding the Iranian nuclear issues; in contrast, Russia has been relatively passive and played only limited role in the Six-Party Talks. More attention, the author recommends, needs to be paid to Russia's differentiated and nuanced approaches in the area of non-proliferation issues.