Shusui Kotoku was a Japanese socialist of the 1900s. He was influenced by the 1905 Russian Revolution and also experienced oppression by the national authority. He became disillusioned with a socialist movement based on parliamentary politics and came to embrace direct action, recreating himself as an anarchist by discarding the frameworks of state and nation. Through this ideological transformation, he embraced the proletariat class as an agent of revolution and Asia as a whole. Projecting the revolutionary conditions of Russia upon Asia, including China, Kotoku became convinced that the class solidarity of Asia would strengthen the revolutionary movement. However, his strategy failed without much support. But its importance cannot be ignored. This article analyses how Kotoku recognized the national problem after he came to embrace direct action as the basis of revolutionary ideology in his contemporary context and explains his class solidarity strategy and his relevance today.