본고는 ‘사’, ‘직’이 지니고 있는 원래의 의미, 즉 ‘社(땅신=地神), 稷(곡식신)’이 지니고 있는 원 의미, 원형성, 정신 등을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 해서 진행했다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
사직제의 대상인 후토는 결국 여성, 즉 지모신으로 수렴되고 있었다. 그리고 지모신(후토)은 소출을 관장하기에 ‘후직신(곡식)도 함께 섬김의 대상으로 기능하고 있었으며 그 근저에는 풍요사상이 함축되어 기축을 이루고 있었다. 따라서 결론적으로 사직신은 지모신과 곡식신이며, 원래는 지모신과 곡식신에 대한 제의였지만 후대로 오면서 ‘사직’은 거의 남성화를 보이고 있지만 사실은 사직은 ‘풍요의 원리’와 맞닿고 있고, 사직성이 지니는 의미망이나 상징성 등은 여러 분야에 습융되고 있었다. 이런 점에서 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 또한 사직제는 문학, 사학, 음악, 춤, 복식, 음식, 제식 등 종합적인 면모를 보유하고 있기에 많은 연구가 필요하다.This paper was made progress with purpose of investigating the original meaning, archetype, and spirit of Sajik in Korean concerning Sa, Land God and Jik, Grain God. Sajik means that Sa is a Land God and Jik is a Grain God, which was written first in Samguksagi, The Chronicles of the Three States. That is, Sajik has beginning ancient and in terms of arrangements and services in many places not at one place like Jongmyo, Royal Ancestral Shrine, it has been continuing ceaselessly thriving, changing, and declining as a considerably important object for our ancestors. But the established rules and systems are not changed drastically. Sajik ancestral ritual movements have , in and , and .The main idea is a appreciation and prayer to the subject who gives a good fortune and celebration of object. And it expresses the cleanliness and sincereness and exposes the mind of refrainment. The object of Sajik ancestral ritual converges to Hoto, that is woman, Mother Earth God. Because Hoto (Mother Earth God) manages crop production, it functions as the object of worship with Hujiksin (Grain God), which is on the basis of the idea of fertility and has connotation of it.As a result, Sajik God is Mother Earth God and Grain God, and originally the ritual for them. But Sajik has showed near its masculinization from generation to generation. Actually, Sajik meets the principle of fertility, and the semantic network or symbolism of sajikseong has settled in various fields. It is importantly considered in this regard. Also Sajik ancestral ritual need to be studied because it contains comprehensive aspects such as literature, history, music, dance, costume, food, ritual.
The main idea is a appreciation and prayer to the subject who gives a good fortune and celebration of object. And it expresses the cleanliness and sincereness and exposes the mind of refrainment. The object of Sajik ancestral ritual converges to Hoto, that is woman, Mother Earth God. Because Hoto (Mother Earth God) manages crop production, it functions as the object of worship with Hujiksin (Grain God), which is on the basis of the idea of fertility and has connotation of it.
As a result, Sajik God is Mother Earth God and Grain God, and originally the ritual for them. But Sajik has showed near its masculinization from generation to generation. Actually, Sajik meets the principle of fertility, and the semantic network or symbolism of sajikseong has settled in various fields. It is importantly considered in this regard. Also Sajik ancestral ritual need to be studied because it contains comprehensive aspects such as literature, history, music, dance, costume, food, ritual.