The purpose of this study is to investigate how residents’ benefits, devotion to the community and support for 2010 World Oriental Medicine-Bio EXPO in Jecheon are related to EXPO event impacts perceived by residents based on a social exchange theory. For the purpose of applying the social exchange theory as a theoretic basis of this study to effects on event and changes of attitudes of residents, related literatures and previous studies were reviewed. To summarize the findings of the analysis, there were six factors in the attitudes toward effects of 2010 World Oriental Medicine-Bio EXPO (positive economic effect, negative economic effect, positive social effect, negative social effect, negative environmental effect and positive environmental effect), while factors of residents’ attitudes toward the development were classified into three(residents’ benefit, devotion to the community, and support for EXPO event). A factor analysis was used to delineate underlying dimensions of EXPO event impacts and regression analysis was used to investigate relationship between EXPO event impacts and support. The result of regression analysis indicated that positive economic impact, positive social impact and negative social impact had an effect on residents’ benefits and positive economic impact and positive social impact had an effect on residents’ devotion to the community. Furthermore, this study support well the social exchange theory because residents’ benefits and devotion to the community had a strong effect on their support for the EXPO event.