This paper presents a brief philological and linguistic study of a handwritten Literary Mongolian manuscript of the 19th century Gobi Mongolian Nyingma Buddhist monk and prolific polymath D. Rabjaa’s (Dulduitiin (Danzan) Rawjaa) famous didactic work “The Kite” (in modern Mongolian: Tsaasan Shuwuu) which is in the author’s possession, including a textual comparison with D. Tsagaan’s 1992 modern Cyrillic edition and an attempt toward a comprehensive study of early modern Mongolian mood and modality as expressed in this text. The paper first addresses the physical condition of the manuscript and its details of its transmission, including the dimensions and quality of the paper and other physical characteristics of the manuscript as well as its significance in comparison with other known manuscripts of this important early modern Mongolian text. The author then presents glossed philological transcriptions of specific passages of the manuscript exhibiting expressions of grammatical mood and modality, juxtaposed and compared with the modern edition of D. Tsagaan, highlighting key differences between the manuscript and the modern edition. The author identifies instances of eight basic modal categories in the manuscript, analyzing their basic and peripheral semantic typology within the context of the didactic content of this literary work, thereby offering contributions to increasing our understanding of the expression of mood and modality in early modern Mongolian.