This study aimed to examine the patterns and underlying factors of Korean pronunciation anxiety among beginner learners of Korean. Utilizing a Korean pronunciation anxiety scale, the study measured the pronunciation anxiety of 107 beginner learners, revealing an average anxiety score of 2.47, indicative of a relatively low level of anxiety. Through analysis, four anxiety factors were extracted: ‘attention-focused anxiety,’ ‘negative-evaluation anxiety,’ ‘self-efficacy anxiety,’ and ‘understanding failure anxiety.’ Among these, ‘self-efficacy anxiety’ was shown to be the highest level of anxiety, while ‘negative-evaluation anxiety’ was the lowest. Moreover, the analysis of the correlation between items and constituent factors on the pronunciation anxiety scale revealed that ‘attention-focused anxiety’ had a significant relationship with learners’ pronunciation anxiety. An especially intriguing finding was that male learners were more anxious than female learners concerning ‘understanding-failure anxiety.’ This study has made a significant contribution to understanding the complex aspects of pronunciation anxiety in Korean language education, and its results can be utilized as foundational data for the effective development of Korean pronunciation teaching strategies.