표제지
목차
Abstract 6
Ⅰ. 서론 7
1. 연구배경 7
2. 연구목표 9
Ⅱ. 연구방법 10
1. 국내 자동차 배출허용기준 강화 10
2. 차대동력계 배출가스 평가 11
3. PEMS를 이용한 배출가스 평가 13
4. 실주행 배출가스 관리 관련 국제 동향 16
5. 동력시스템 시뮬레이션 방법 19
Ⅲ. 연구결과 및 고찰 21
1. 주행 조건에 따른 자동차 대기오염물질 배출 특성 21
가. 일반적인 주행 모드에서의 배출특성 21
나. 가혹 주행 모드에서의 배출특성 24
다. 실제 도로 주행에서의 배출특성 26
2. 유럽 RDE-LDV 제도 도입에 따른 효과 평가 27
가. 이동평균구간 분석방법 27
나. 차량출력구간 분석방법 29
다. RDE-LDV 제도 도입 효과 30
3. 동력시스템 시뮬레이션을 적용한 배출가스 예측 결과 31
Ⅳ. 결론 34
참고문헌 36
〈Table 1〉 Severity of driving cycles for chassis dynamometer test 11
〈Table 2〉 Main specifications of test vehicles with chassis dynamometer 13
〈Table 3〉 Main specifications of test vehicles with PEMS 15
〈Figure 1〉 Strengthened PM and NOx emission limits of light-duty vehicles 8
〈Figure 2〉 Annual trend of PM10 and NO₂ concentration in Seoul 8
〈Figure 3〉 Diagram of lowered emission limit in Korea 11
〈Figure 4〉 Distribution of vehicle speed and acceleration of normal driving cycles 12
〈Figure 5〉 Distribution of vehicle speed and acceleration of aggressive driving cycles 12
〈Figure 6〉 Chi-square test results to select representative routes for PEMS 14
〈Figure 7〉 Photos of test vehicles equipped with PEMS 15
〈Figure 8〉 Vehicle speed profile of WLTP 16
〈Figure 9〉 Concept of moving averaging window method proposed by EC-JRC 18
〈Figure 10〉 Concept of Power bin method proposed by TU GRAZ 19
〈Figure 11〉 Concept of vehicle power-train simulation 20
〈Figure 12〉 NOx emission as emission standards in certification test mode 21
〈Figure 13〉 PM emission of diesel vehicles as emission standards in certification. test mode 22
〈Figure 14〉 NOx emission of diesel vehicles as emission standards in operation of air conditioner or hot-engine starting with NEDC 22
〈Figure 15〉 Comparison of NOx emission for diesel and gasoline vehicles on driving WLTC and certification test mode (NEDC or CVS-75) 23
〈Figure 16〉 NOx emission for diesel and gasoline vehicles on Korean emission factor driving modes 24
〈Figure 17〉 Comparison of NOx emission on driving aggressive mode (US06 and SC03) and certification test mode (NEDC or CVS-75) 25
〈Figure 18〉 Comparison of PM emission of diesel vehicles on driving aggressive mode (US06 and SC03) and certification test mode (NEDC) 25
〈Figure 19〉 On-road NOx emissions measured with PEMS 26
〈Figure 20〉 Moving averaged CO₂ emissions as averaged vehicle speed of a diesel vehicle (PD5) in calculated windows 27
〈Figure 21〉 Cumulative frequency of moving averaged NOx emissions 28
〈Figure 22〉 NOx emissions calculated with moving averaging window method 29
〈Figure 23〉 NOx emission rate and time share in normalized vehicle power bin 30
〈Figure 24〉 The expected effect of introducing RDE-LDV 31
〈Figure 25〉 Comparison of NOx and CO₂ emissions predicted with simulation and measured by chassis dynamometer 31
〈Figure 26〉 Predicted NOx and CO₂ emissions in driving representative routes with power-train models 33
〈Figure 27〉 Predicted NOx and CO₂ emissions as road types with power-train model 33