표제지
목차
Abstract 7
I. 서론 9
II. 연구내용 및 방법 11
1. 국내외 토양오염물질의 생물유효성 및 거동 평가기법 현황조사 11
2. 토양오염물질 생물유효성/거동 평가기법 시범평가 수행 11
가. 시험방법 적용성 검토 11
(1) 실험방법의 선정 11
(2) 분석장비의 선정 14
나. 시범평가를 위한 현장토양의 선정 16
3. 지화학 모델을 활용한 오염물질 화학종별 거동특성 평가 17
4. 오염토양 생물유효성/거동 특성 평가의 위해도 관리 연계방안 검토 17
III. 연구결과 및 고찰 18
1. 국내외 토양오염물질의 생물유효성 및 거동 평가기법 현황조사 20
가. 독일 20
나. 스위스 20
다. 네덜란드 22
라. 생물유효성 관련 국제규격 현황 24
2. 토양오염물질 생물유효성/거동 평가기법 시범평가 수행 25
가. 대상 토양오염물질의 성질 및 특성 25
(1) 크롬(total Cr, Cr3+, Cr6+) 25
(2) 불소 26
나. 시범평가 결과(크롬) 27
(1) 전함량 분석 결과 27
(2) 단일추출 분석 결과 28
(3) 국내외 단일추출 결과 비교 29
(4) 단일추출 영향 인자 30
(가) pH 30
(나) 유기물함량 31
(5) 연속추출 분석 결과 31
(6) 국내외 연속추출 결과 비교 32
(7) 연속추출 영향 인자 34
(가) pH 34
(나) 유기물함량 34
다. 시범평가 결과(불소) 35
(1) 전함량 분석 결과 35
(2) 단일추출 분석 결과 35
(3) 국내외 단일추출 결과 비교 37
(4) 연속추출 분석 결과 38
(5) 국내 토양/국외 암석별 연속추출 결과 비교 39
(6) 연속추출 영향 인자 40
(가) pH 40
(나) 유기물함량 40
라. 시범평가 결과(중금속류) 41
3. 지화학모델을 활용한 오염물질 화학종별 거동특성 평가 43
4. 오염토양 생물유효성/거동 특성 평가의 위해도 관리 연계방안 검토 49
IV. 결론 51
참고문헌 53
〈Table 1〉 Soil samples for evaluation - Chromium 16
〈Table 2〉 Soil samples for evaluation - Fluoride 17
〈Table 3〉 Soil Quality Standards - Germany 21
〈Table 4〉 Exposure limits for heavy metals - Swiss 22
〈Table 5〉 Final scoring of the methods for bioavailability 23
〈Table 6〉 Chromium concentration by sequential extraction in soil samples 32
〈Table 7〉 Chromium concentration by sequential extraction in foreign soil samples 33
〈Table 8〉 Fluoride concentration by single extraction in soil samples (C. Gago Rodriguez et al., 2001) 37
〈Table 9〉 Fluoride concentration by sequential extraction in soil samples 38
〈Table 10〉 Fluoride concentration by sequential extraction in foreign rock samples 39
〈Table 11〉 Heavy metal concentration by sequential extraction in soil samples 42
〈Table 12〉 Chemical species distribution of Cr(III) in assumed system - aq. phase 46
〈Table 13〉 Equilibrium mass distribution of Cr(III) in assumed system 46
〈Table 14〉 Chemical species distribution of Cr(III) in assumed system 48
〈Figure 1〉 Single extraction methods of chromium 12
〈Figure 2〉 Sequential extraction method of chromium 12
〈Figure 3〉 Single extraction methods of fluoride 13
〈Figure 4〉 Sequential extraction method of fluoride 14
〈Figure 5〉 Ion chromatography - peak overlap (left), retention time shift (right) 15
〈Figure 6〉 Analytical methods for bioavaiability of soil contaminants 18
〈Figure 7〉 International analytical standards for bioavailability 24
〈Figure 8〉 Relationships between pH and the solubility of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) 26
〈Figure 9〉 Distribution of Total Cr concentrations in soil samples 28
〈Figure 10〉 Chromium concentration in soil samples by single extraction 29
〈Figure 11〉 Comparison with chromium concentration in domestic(in this study) and foreign soil samples by single extraction 30
〈Figure 12〉 Relationships between pH and chromium concentration in soil samples by single extraction 30
〈Figure 13〉 Relationships between organic matter contents and chromium concentration in soil samples by single extraction 31
〈Figure 14〉 Distribution of chromium concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 32
〈Figure 15〉 Chromium Concentration distribution in domestic(in this study) and foreign soil by sequential extraction 33
〈Figure 16〉 Relationships between pH and Cr concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 34
〈Figure 17〉 Relationships between organic matter and Cr concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 35
〈Figure 18〉 Total fluoride concentration in soil samples 35
〈Figure 19〉 Auto-analyzer(left) and chromatogram(right) for fluoride analysis 36
〈Figure 20〉 Fluoride concentration in soil samples by single extraction 36
〈Figure 21〉 Comparison with fluoride concentration in domestic(in this study) and foreign soil samples by single extraction 37
〈Figure 22〉 Distribution of fluoride concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 38
〈Figure 23〉 Comparison with fluoride concentration distribution in domestic soil(in this study) and foreign rock samples by sequential extraction 39
〈Figure 24〉 Relationships between pH and fluoride concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 40
〈Figure 25〉 Relationships between organic matter content and fluoride concentration in soil samples by sequential extraction 41
〈Figure 26〉 Distribution of heavy metals in soil samples by sequential extraction 42
〈Figure 27〉 Concept of the geochemical modeling 43
〈Figure 28〉 Visual MINTEQ - the flow of calculation 45
〈Figure 29〉 ORCHESTRA - the flow of calculation 47
〈Figure 30〉 Relationships between pH and predominant species of Cr(III) 48
〈Figure 31〉 Research plan of 2014 50