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연구 보고서
목차
요약문 15
Summary 18
제1장 서론 22
제2장 지진관측환경 표준화 및 지진정보 생산 개선 연구 24
제1절 지진감시기술 고도화 연구 24
1. 지진조기경보시스템 성능 개선 연구 24
2. 최대우도를 이용한 지진조기경보 분석방법과 시험 결과 31
3. ShakeMap을 이용한 진도정보 정량 산출 연구 35
4. 한반도에 적합한 진도 산출기법 연구 40
5. 지진자료의 품질 분석 기술 연구 45
제2절 한반도 주요지진 활동 및 발생 메커니즘 분석 53
1. 2017년 상반기 지진 활동 및 발생 메커니즘 분석 53
2. 7월 발생 지진의 진원 요소 결정 55
3. 2017년 포항 지진 분석 61
제3절 인공지진 분석 및 활용 연구 64
1. 6차 북한 핵실험 지진파형 특성 분석 64
2. 6차 북한 핵실험 지표변화 분석 69
3. 공중음파 분석 기술 개발 연구 72
4. 인공/자연지진 식별 기술 개발 78
제4절 소결론 84
제3장 지진해일 예측시스템 개발 및 개선연구 88
제1절 지진해일 DB를 이용한 동해 위험지역 분류 연구 88
1. 일본 서안의 최대파고 유발 진앙 분류 88
2. 동해안 지진해일 위험지역 분류 91
제2절 조위계와 해일파고계를 이용한 지진해일 검출시스템 구축 및 운영 94
제3절 소결론 98
제4장 화산활동 원격감시 및 한반도 지각활동 진단정보 생산 99
제1절 화산 활동 감시 및 분화 정보 생산 기술 개발 99
1. 최신 SAR 위성자료를 이용한 백두산 지표변위량 산출 99
2. 열적외선 위성영상을 활용한 백두산 화산모니터링 기술개발 104
3. 화산재 확산 모델 개선을 위한 화산분출률 추정 연구 109
제2절 GPS를 활용한 한반도 지각변동 분석 연구 117
1. GNSS 기반 한반도 지각변동 산출 117
2. 지진에 의한 전리층 변동 연구 120
제3절 소결론 127
제5장 요약 및 결론 128
참고문헌 132
Table 2.1.1. Regional earthquakes used in this study 25
Table 2.1.2. Damping effect index (n) according to magnitude and distance 28
Table 2.1.3. (a) Peak-Ground Velocity to Intensity conversion equations and (b)... 38
Table 2.1.4. List of earthquakes over ML 3.5 used for this study(이미지참조) 42
Table 2.2.1. List of hypocenters and error according to the change of crustal... 57
Table 2.2.2. Information of temporary station 61
Table 2.2.3. Result of epicenters and moment tensor solution, depth, moment... 63
Table 2.3.1. Specification of Pleiades-1A satellite 70
Table 2.3.2. Results of seismic event discrimination using seismo-acoustic... 77
Table 2.3.3. Information of events used automatic analysis and acoustic... 79
Table 2.3.4. Information of seismic events used for cross-correlation analysis 81
Table 2.3.5. Result of cross-correlation analysis for the events in Table 2.3.4 82
Table 3.1.1. Spatial boundary of selected areas (Area 1 - Area 4) 90
Table 3.1.2. Regional maximum wave height by magnitude 93
Table 4.1.1. The VEI, height of volcanic ash and eruption rate used in the... 110
Fig. 2.1.1. Events used in this study. 26
Fig. 2.1.2. Blind Zone 27
Fig. 2.1.3. PGA and intensity of the first analysis (v0) stations (Kumamoto... 29
Fig. 2.1.4. Presented Flowchart. 30
Fig. 2.1.5. Result of running MAXEL program. 32
Fig. 2.1.6. ElarmS and MAXEL median location error. 33
Fig. 2.1.7. Performance improvements of MAXEL program against ElarmS... 34
Fig. 2.1.8. GMPE's regression curve by magnitude for (a) BA08 and (b)... 37
Fig. 2.1.9. (a) Drilling research area in Pohang and (b) comparison of Vs30... 38
Fig. 2.1.10. Results of (a) intensity, (b) PGA and (c) PGV calculated from... 39
Fig. 2.1.11. (a) - (d) Instrumental intensity maps for the Pohang earthquake's... 39
Fig. 2.1.12. (a) The maps of IJMA, PGA for mainshock of 9.12 earthquake. (b)...(이미지참조) 43
Fig. 2.1.13. (a) The intensity maps of PGA (peak ground acceleration) and PGV... 44
Fig. 2.1.14. An example of Calibration sheet. 46
Fig. 2.1.15. SEED format file of CMG-3TB and Q330HRS. 47
Fig. 2.1.16. Power Spectrum Density using PQLX in the OKCB station. 48
Fig. 2.1.17. Power Spectrum Density by major frequency band (broadband... 49
Fig. 2.1.18. Number of detection of signal and seismic event in the OKCB station. 49
Fig. 2.1.19. SNR and magnitude as a function of epicentral distance in the... 50
Fig. 2.1.20. Show result availability using Antelope in the OKCB station. 50
Fig. 2.1.21. Difference in period 10 sec on horizontal component and vertical... 51
Fig. 2.2.1. (a) Cumulative number of earthquakes occurred in 11 years and the... 53
Fig. 2.2.2. (a) Rate of occurrence of earthquakes with the magnitude of 2.0 or... 54
Fig. 2.2.3. The moment tensor solution for earthquakes with a magnitude of 3.0... 55
Fig. 2.2.4. The velocity models used in location analysis. 56
Fig. 2.2.5. The epicenter distribution and hypocentral depth according to... 57
Fig. 2.2.6. Location of (a) seismic stations and (b) events. 62
Fig. 2.2.7. Result of (a) epicenters (Red star and yellow circle is original and... 63
Fig. 2.3.1. Average Pg/Lg ratios for a natural earthquake (green solid lines) and... 64
Fig. 2.3.2. (a) Peak-to-peak amplitude (㎛) and (b) mb(Pn) calculated for 6th... 65
Fig. 2.3.3. mb(Lg) calculated for 6th North Korean nuclear test. Mean... 67
Fig. 2.3.4. Waveform comparison of Pn-phase velocity seismograms between... 68
Fig. 2.3.5. Spectral Amplitude spectra of 5th and 6th North Korean nuclear tests. 69
Fig. 2.3.6. Pleiades satellite images before and after the nuclear test. 70
Fig. 2.3.7. Detected landslide scars around nuclear test sites. 70
Fig. 2.3.8. Low coherence area by 6th nuclear test. 71
Fig. 2.3.9. Surface deformation obtained using offset tracking method. 71
Fig. 2.3.10. Results of detected infrasound data of North Korea 6th nuclear... 73
Fig. 2.3.11. PMCC calculation results based on the infrasound data from (a)... 73
Fig. 2.3.12. The azimuth direction detected for 6th North Korea nuclear test... 74
Fig. 2.3.13. Results of detected infrasound data of collapse event in... 75
Fig. 2.3.14. PMCC calculation results based on the infrasound data from... 75
Fig. 2.3.15. The azimuth direction detected for a collapse event using... 76
Fig. 2.3.16. Displayed screen when users connect to analysis system. 79
Fig. 2.3.17. Location of two seismic events used cross-correlation analysis. 81
Fig. 2.3.18. Location of seismic stations with cross-correlation... 83
Fig. 3.1.1. Location of hypothetical tsunamigenic earthquakes. 89
Fig. 3.1.2. Tsunami height along the east coast by earthquake (★) in the... 89
Fig. 3.1.3. Tsunami height of Imwon (left), Hosan (middle), and Jukbyun (right)... 90
Fig. 3.1.4. Tsunami height of (a) Area 1, (b) Area 2, (c) Area 3, and (d) Area 4.... 92
Fig. 3.2.1. Flow diagram of tsunami detection system. 94
Fig. 3.2.2. The results of tsunami detection algorithm. 95
Fig. 3.2.3. Location of tide station (star), Ulleung-do surge gauge (circle),... 96
Fig. 3.2.4. The results of tsunami detection algorithm using wave height data of... 97
Fig. 4.1.1. (a) Sentinel-1 SAR track over Mt. Baekdu area. (b) Intensity image... 100
Fig. 4.1.2. Processing flow of Sentinel-1 SAR. 101
Fig. 4.1.3. Mean deformation map from Sentinel-1 SAR data. 102
Fig. 4.1.4. Time-series deformation over Mt. Baekdu area. 103
Fig. 4.1.5. Relation between LST and Mean air temperature. 106
Fig. 4.1.6. Relation between △T and Mean air temperature. 106
Fig. 4.1.7. Time-series data of ΔLST (a) Normalized ΔT, (b) The results... 107
Fig. 4.1.8. Time-series data of RLST: (a) RLST, (b) Normalized RSLT, (c)... 108
Fig. 4.1.9. Relation between the height of volcanic ash and the eruption rate. 110
Fig. 4.2.1. Crustal deformation annual velocity. 118
Fig. 4.2.2. Magnitude of crustal movement velocity vector. 119
Fig. 4.2.3. Direction of crustal movement velocity vector. 120
Fig. 4.2.4. NGII GPS network. 121
Fig. 4.2.5. Skyplot on Sep. 3, 2017. 121
Fig. 4.2.6. Ionospheric disturbance using ROT method. 122
Fig. 4.2.7. Ionospheric disturbance using DPR. 123
Fig. 4.2.8. Selected GPS stations. 124
Fig. 4.2.9. Skyplot on Sep. 12, 2016. 124
Fig. 4.2.10. ROT ionospheric disturbance per satellite at Daegu station. 125
Fig. 4.2.11. ROT ionospheric disturbance for PRN 20 at 4 stations. 126