[표지]
제출문
보고서 초록
요약문
SUMMARY
Contents
목차
제1장 서론 37
제2장 국·내외 기술개발 현황 41
제1절 국내 기술개발 현황 43
제2절 국외 기술개발 현황 48
제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 51
제1절 낙동강 하구의 퇴적환경 53
1. 서론 53
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 54
3. 연구 결과 59
4. 토의 77
5. 결론 78
제2절 낙동강 하구 울타리섬의 소환경 특성 79
1. 서론 79
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 80
3. 연구 결과 83
4. 토의 91
5. 결론 95
제3절 낙동강 하구 유기 지화학 특성 96
1. 서론 96
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 97
3. 연구 결과 102
4. 토의 111
5. 결론 111
제4절 낙동강 하구 오염 역사 112
1. 서론 112
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 113
3. 연구 결과 115
4. 토의 및 결론 122
제5절 낙동강 하구 부유 생물 특성 126
1. 서론 126
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 127
3. 연구 결과 129
4. 토의 및 결론 158
제6절 낙동강 하구 저서 생물 특성 159
1. 서론 159
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 160
3. 연구 결과 163
4. 토의 및 결론 189
제7절 울타리섬의 지형 및 지형 변동 특성 191
1. 서론 191
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 192
3. 연구 결과 215
4. 토의 및 결론 263
제8절 다대포 해빈 지형 변화 267
1. 서론 267
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 267
3. 연구 결과 275
제9절 낙동강 하구 시추 코어 특성 284
1. 서론 284
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 284
3. 연구 결과 286
4. 토의 및 결론 296
제10절 낙동 델타의 홀로세 층서 진화 299
1. 서론 299
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 300
3. 연구 결과 302
4. 토의 308
5. 결론 310
제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 311
제1절 목표 달성도 313
제2절 대외 기여도 317
제5장 연구개발 결과의 활용계획 319
제6장 참고문헌 323
부록 : 국·내외 학회지 논문 및 위탁연구 결과 335
제1절 국내 학회지 논문 339
제2절 국외 학회지 논문 437
제3절 낙동강 연안 다대포 해빈과 그 연근해 지형 및 지층 연구(위탁연구 결과) 545
제1장 연구과제개요 547
제2장 조사방법 549
제3장 결과 568
제4장 기타 589
Table 2-2-1. Methods of coastal erosion control(US Army Corps of Engineers) 50
Table 3-1-1. Characteristics of surface sediment of Nakdong River Estuary(2015. 08) 61
Table 3-1-2. Characteristics of surface sediment of Nakdong River Estuary(2016. 08) 65
Table 3-1-3. Sediment depths on ES-line 70
Table 3-1-4. Sediment depths on SJ-line 72
Table 3-1-5. Sediment depths on JW-line 74
Table 3-1-6. Values of residual flow(Rf), net suspended sediment flux(fs) and net suspended... 76
Table 3-2-1. The 14 a priori groups based on landscape and locations(see Fig. 3-2-1). 85
Table 3-2-2. Summary of the environmental variables at six subenvironments that are classified... 94
Table 3-3-1. Summary of total parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) concentrations... 105
Table 3-3-2. Summary of total parent polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB) concentrations(pg/g-dry... 106
Table 3-4-1. Rotated factor matrix extracted from principal component analysis 116
Table 3-4-2. Summary of factor scores and sediment parameters for each cluster 117
Table 3-6-1. The dominant species and density at sites in subtidal area during thestudy period 171
Table 3-6-2. The dominant species and density at sites in the brackish(outer) and fresh water... 174
Table 3-6-3. The faunal similarity and contributed species of each site group according to... 180
Table 3-6-4. The faunal similarity and contributed species of each site group according to... 184
Table 3-6-5. The faunal similarity and contributed species of each site group according to... 188
Table 3-7-1. List of the remote sensing images in the Nakdong River estuary 193
Table 3-7-2. Observation duration, depth, location information 209
Table 3-7-3. Hydrodynamic instrument setting value 210
Table 3-7-4. Previous studies of the barrier-island in the Nakdong River Estuary 215
Table 3-7-5. Distance and rate of shoreline changes in survey profiles of Doyo-deung 229
Table 3-7-6. Textural parameters and sediment composition along the shoreline in Sinja-do 236
Table 3-7-7. Mean grain size of surface sediment along the profile line in Sinja-do 237
Table 3-7-8. Textural parameters and sediment composition along the beach face of Doyo-deung 240
Table 3-7-9. Textural parameters and sediment composition of GSTA area in Doyo-deung 243
Table 3-7-10. Mean grain size of surface sediment along the profile line 244
Table 3-7-11. Averaged current speed at each station 255
Table 3-7-12. Averaged current direction (°) at each station 255
Table 3-7-13. U and V at each station 255
Table 3-7-14. Averaged suspended sediment transport during survey period flux at each 257
Table 3-7-15. Horizontal discretization 262
Table 3-7-16. Vertical discretization 263
Fig. 1-1. Research promotion system for coastal environment change for management... 40
Fig. 3-1-1. Location map of the Nakdong River Estuary 54
Fig. 3-1-2. Location map of three transect lines for geomorphic measurements, 90... 55
Fig. 3-1-3. Measurement elevation by RTK-GPS and plate for sedimentation rate 56
Fig. 3-1-4. Sampling stations of 90 surface sediments in August 2015 and 2016. 60
Fig. 3-1-5. Distribution of surface sediments in the Nakdong River Estuary during summer 2015. 63
Fig. 3-1-6. Distribution of sand content(%) in suface sediments in the estuary during summer 2015. 63
Fig. 3-1-7. Distribution of mean grain size(∅) in suface sediments in the estuary during summer 2015. 64
Fig. 3-1-8. Distribution of surface sediments in the Nakdong River Estuary during summer 2016. 67
Fig. 3-1-9. Distribution of sand content(%) in suface sediments in the estuary during summer 2016. 67
Fig. 3-1-10. Elevation relative to mean sea level(MSL) along the SJ, JW, and ES lines. 68
Fig. 3-1-11. Seasonal changes in sedimentation along the ES line. The seasonal and net... 71
Fig. 3-1-12. Seasonal changes in sedimentation along the SJ-line. The seasonal and net... 73
Fig. 3-1-13. Seasonal changes in sedimentation along the JW-line. The seasonal and net... 74
Fig. 3-1-14. Net suspended sediment transport load(Qs), residual flow(Rf) and directions for... 76
Fig. 3-1-15. Diagram of sedimentary processes in the barrier-lagoon system within the... 78
Fig. 3-2-1. Map of the NRE showing the sample stations 81
Fig. 3-2-2. Landscape classification(14 a priori groups) of the Nakdong River Estuary(see Table 3-2-1) 86
Fig. 3-2-3. Distributions of parameters related to grain size(a, b, c, and d) and organic... 87
Fig. 3-2-4. Sector plot showing the relationships between textural parameters(a: Mz vs. δI;... 88
Fig. 3-2-5. Dendrogram based on the Cluster analysis of the parameters related to grain size... 89
Fig. 3-2-6. PCA of the 21 environmental variables data is explained by axis 1 and 2 and the... 90
Fig. 3-3-1. Sampling locations of the sediment samples collected from barrier islands in the... 98
Fig. 3-3-2. Sampling stations of 90 surface sediments in August 2015 98
Fig. 3-3-3. Chromatographs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) 101
Fig. 3-3-4. Chromatographs of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) 101
Fig. 3-3-5. Concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(tPAHs) and total... 104
Fig. 3-3-6. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) cross plots for the ratios of: a)... 107
Fig. 3-3-7. Distribution of stable carbon isotope(δ¹³Cᴛᴏᴄ) and total organic carbon/total... 109
Fig. 3-3-8. Stable carbon isotopes(δ¹³Cᴛᴏᴄ)in the halophytes Phragmites communis Trinius... 110
Fig. 3-3-9. Diagram using distribution of stable carbon isotope(δ¹³Cᴛᴏᴄ)in the... 110
Fig. 3-4-1. Map showing the surface sediment stations for analysis of sedimentation environments. 113
Fig. 3-4-2. Map showing the sediment core stations conducted in 2015 and 2017. 114
Fig. 3-4-3. Variations of sediment compositions and textural parameters in core PC-A. 118
Fig. 3-4-4. Variations of sediment compositions and textural parameters in core PC-C. 119
Fig. 3-4-5. Variations of sediment compositions and textural parameters in core PC-C. 120
Fig. 3-4-6. Sedimentation rate on average in core Eulsukdo. 121
Fig. 3-4-7. Classification of sedimentation environments in the NRE. 122
Fig. 3-4-8. Excess metal fluxes in sediment core collected at Eulsukdo tidal flat. 124
Fig. 3-4-9. OM-normalized excess PbXS-210 activities. Dashed horizontal lines mark... 125
Fig. 3-5-1. Map showing the study sites in the Nakdong estuary of Busan, Korea. 128
Fig. 3-5-2. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 130
Fig. 3-5-3. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 131
Fig. 3-5-4. Shanon's diversity according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2015. 132
Fig. 3-5-5. Shanon's evenness according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2015. 132
Fig. 3-5-6. Similarity analysis of phytoplankton community and Grouping based on similarity in 2015. 133
Fig. 3-5-7. Spatio-temporal variations in the total abundance of zooplankton community in... 134
Fig. 3-5-8. Dendrogram of clustered groups by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on... 135
Fig. 3-5-9. Spatio-temporal variations in the average abundance of zooplankton community... 135
Fig. 3-5-10. Relative abundance(%) of taxonomic groups in zooplankton community according... 136
Fig. 3-5-11. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 138
Fig. 3-5-12. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 139
Fig. 3-5-13. Shanon's diversity according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2016. 140
Fig. 3-5-14. Shanon's evenness according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2016. 141
Fig. 3-5-15. Similarity analysis of phytoplankton community and Grouping based on similarity in 2016. 143
Fig. 3-5-16. Spatio-temporal variations in the total abundance of zooplankton community in... 144
Fig. 3-5-17. Dendrogram of clustered groups by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on... 145
Fig. 3-5-18. Relative abundance(%) of taxonomic groups in zooplankton community according... 146
Fig. 3-5-19. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 148
Fig. 3-5-20. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton abundance and dominant phytoplankton in... 149
Fig. 3-5-21. Shanon's diversity according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2017. 150
Fig. 3-5-22. Shanon's evenness according to the phytoplankton composition of the Nakdong River in 2017. 151
Fig. 3-5-23. Similarity analysis of phytoplankton community and Grouping based on similarity in 2017. 152
Fig. 3-5-24. Spatio-temporal variations in the total abundance of zooplankton community in... 153
Fig. 3-5-25. Dendrogram of clustered groups by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on... 154
Fig. 3-5-26. Relative abundance(%) of taxonomic groups in zooplankton community... 155
Fig, 3-5-27. Phytoplankton dominant in the Nakdong River 156
Fig. 3-5-28. Major zooplankton species in the Nakdong River Estuary during 2015-2017. 157
Fig. 3-6-1. The sampling sites around the Nakdong River estuary and its subtidal area from... 161
Fig. 3-6-2. The sampling sites at the tidal flats around the barrier islands in the Nakdong... 162
Fig. 3-6-3. The box plots of the mean grain size (A), total organic carbon contents (B) and... 164
Fig. 3-6-4. The compositions at each fauna group of macrobenthos during the study period... 166
Fig. 3-6-5. The seasonal variations of number of species, density and biomass in the... 167
Fig. 3-6-6. Cluster plot based on abundance data at subtidal sites during the study period... 169
Fig. 3-6-7. The changes in the faunal composition of subtidal macrobenthos represented by... 170
Fig. 3-6-8. The seasonal variations in the density of major dominant species at the subtidal... 172
Fig. 3-6-9. The nMDS plots based on abundance data of the sites located in the inner and... 173
Fig. 3-6-10. The contents of sand and mud in the tidal flats around the Nakdong River... 176
Fig. 3-6-11. The proportions of species number, density and biomass of each taxon during... 178
Fig. 3-6-12. The number of species, density and biomass of macrobenthic animals in the tidal... 178
Fig. 3-6-13. The spatial distribution patterns of dominant species during May, 2016 and 2017 in... 179
Fig. 3-6-14. Cluster and nMDS plots based on abundance data during May, 2016 and 2017 in the... 180
Fig. 3-6-15. The proportions of density and number of species at each feeding type in May,... 181
Fig. 3-6-16. The proportions of species number, density and biomass of each taxon during... 182
Fig. 3-6-17. The spatial distribution patterns of dominant species during May, 2016 and... 183
Fig. 3-6-18. Cluster and nMDS plots based on abundance data during May, 2016 and 2017... 184
Fig. 3-6-19. The proportions of density and number of species at each feeding type during... 185
Fig. 3-6-20. The proportions of species number, density and biomass of each taxon in May,... 186
Fig. 3-6-21. The spatial distribution patterns of dominant species during May, 2016 and... 187
Fig. 3-6-22. Cluster and nMDS plots based on abundance data during May, 2016 and 2017 in the... 188
Fig. 3-6-23. The proportions of density and number of species at each feeding type May,... 189
Fig. 3-7-1. Remote sensing images of the barrier-island in the Nakdong River Estuary 194
Fig. 3-7-2. Location map of the bathymetric survey in the Nakdong River Estuary 196
Fig. 3-7-3. Equipments for the bathymetric survey 197
Fig. 3-7-4. RTK-GPS backpack system for profile survey 198
Fig. 3-7-5. Location map of the profiles in the Sinja-do and the Doyo-deung 199
Fig. 3-7-6. Photos of drone photogrammetry 201
Fig. 3-7-7. Data processing of drone photogrammetry 203
Fig. 3-7-8. Map showing surface sediment sampling station 204
Fig. 3-7-9. Location of surface sediment sampling station of Sinja-do 205
Fig. 3-7-10. Location of surface sediment sampling station of Doyo-deung. 206
Fig. 3-7-11. Equipment of sediment size analysis(Sympatec OASIS) 207
Fig. 3-7-12. Location of mooring station for ADCP and ASM-V 209
Fig. 3-7-13. Suspension sediment meter(ASM-V) and current meter(Aquadopp) 211
Fig. 3-7-14. Installation diagram of hydrodynamics mooring 212
Fig. 3-7-15. Schematic diagram of Nakdong estuary modeling system 214
Fig. 3-7-16. Location map of the barrier-island 218
Fig. 3-7-17. Time series of shoreline changes in blue box of Fig. 3-7-16 219
Fig. 3-7-18. Time series of the barrier-island shoreline change 221
Fig. 3-7-19. Area changes of the barrier-island in the Nakdong River Estuary 222
Fig. 3-7-20. Location of the bathymetric profile in the main channels 223
Fig. 3-7-21. Bathymetric profiles of the main channel in the Nakdong River Estuary 224
Fig. 3-7-22. Cross-sections of Sinja-do 225
Fig. 3-7-23. Cross-sections of Doyo-deung 226
Fig. 3-7-24. Topographic changes of Doyo-deung 228
Fig. 3-7-25. Changes of shoreline and unite volume in survey profiles of Doyo-deung 230
Fig. 3-7-26. Orthophoto and shoreline changes of Doyo-deung 231
Fig. 3-7-27. 3D real topography of Doyo-deung 232
Fig. 3-7-28. Topographic monitoring Results of the middle Doyo-deung 233
Fig. 3-7-29. Area and volume changes of Doyo-deung 234
Fig. 3-7-30. Mean grain size of surface sediment along the beach face in Sinja-do 236
Fig. 3-7-31. Mean grain size of surface sediment along the beach face in Doyo-deung 239
Fig. 3-7-32. Mica distribution(dark stripes) along the shoreline 241
Fig. 3-7-33. Three-dimensional topography and surface sediment distribution with grain size trend vectors 246
Fig. 3-7-34. Significant and maximum wave height from wave buoy of Busan Namhang(KMA) 246
Fig. 3-7-35. Hydrodynamic measurements of current speed, direction, U and V from station 16W-01 249
Fig. 3-7-36. Hydrodynamic measurements of current speed, direction, U and V from station 16E-01 250
Fig. 3-7-37. Hydrodynamic measurements of current speed, direction, U and V from station 17W-01 251
Fig. 3-7-38. Hydrodynamic measurements of current speed, direction, U and V from station 17W-02 252
Fig. 3-7-39. Hydrodynamic measurements of current speed, direction, U and V from station 17E-01 253
Fig. 3-7-40. Vertical change of current velocity in 2016 254
Fig. 3-7-41. Vertical change of current velocity in 2017 254
Fig. 3-7-42. Time-series of wave height(data from KMA), water level, dam discharge and... 258
Fig. 3-7-43. Time-series of wave height, water level, dam discharge and suspended sediment... 258
Fig. 3-7-44. Time-series of wave height, water level, dam discharge and suspended sediment... 259
Fig. 3-7-45. Time-series of wave height, water level, dam discharge and suspended sediment... 259
Fig. 3-7-46. Vertical concentration of suspended sediment at each station 260
Fig. 3-7-47. Suspended sediment flux in June of 2016 261
Fig. 3-7-48. Suspended sediment flux in August of 2017 261
Fig. 3-7-49. Horizontal grids used for the models. A one-way nesting system with 6 model... 262
Fig. 3-8-1. Study area of Daadepo Beach near the mouth of Nagdong River. 268
Fig. 3-8-2. Dadaepo Beach and its near areas. 268
Fig. 3-8-3. The photo of Dadaepo Beach viewing from Aminsan Mountain. 269
Fig. 3-8-4. The photo of Dadaepo Beach seeing from the southeast at Molwoondae to the northwest. 269
Fig. 3-8-5. The area of aerial photo. 270
Fig. 3-8-6. Fixed wing(left) and rotary wing(right) unmaned aeriall vehicles which are... 270
Fig. 3-8-7. The area of aerial photo. 272
Fig. 3-8-8. Daedaepo Beach and Doyodung Barrier Island viewing from the Aminsan... 273
Fig. 3-8-9. The cross-section lines surveying by RTK-GPS in Dadaepo Beach. 273
Fig. 3-8-10. Portable RTK-GPS system which is used in study area. 274
Fig. 3-8-11. Stations of surface sediments in Dadaepo Beach. 275
Fig. 3-8-12. The total areal change of Dadaepo Beach for about 40 years from the year of... 276
Fig. 3-8-13. The mosaic image taken from the fixed wing unmaned aerial vehicle. 277
Fig. 3-8-14. Generation of DEM. 277
Fig. 3-8-15. The comparison between RTK- measuring cross-section data and the analyzed... 278
Fig. 3-8-16. Image processing of Dadaepo Beach taken by the rotary wing unmaned aerial vehicle. 279
Fig. 3-8-17. Changes of sediment amounts of Dadaepo Beach taken bey the rotary wing... 280
Fig. 3-8-18. Cross-section of DP-06 of Dadaepo Beach surveyed in February, March, April... 281
Fig. 3-8-19. Cross-section of DP-10 of Dadaepo Beach surveyed in February, March, April... 282
Fig. 3-8-20. Cross-section of DP-13 of Dadaepo Beach surveyed in February, March, April... 282
Fig. 3-8-21. Distribution of surface sediments in Dadaeoo Beach in 2016. 283
Fig. 3-9-1. Sediment facies characteristics of KND-1 drilling core 289
Fig. 3-9-2. Classification of sediment unit according to grain size and geochemical analysis of KND-1 drilling core 290
Fig. 3-9-3. Sediment facies characteristics of KND-3 drilling core 293
Fig. 3-9-4. Classification of sediment unit according to grain size and geochemical analysis of KND-3 drilling core 294
Fig. 3-9-5. Organic geochemistry analysis results of KND-3 drilling core 295
Fig. 3-10-1. Study area map off the Nakdong River, including ship's track for seismic survey.... 300
Fig. 3-10-2. Example of Chirp (A) and sparker (B) profiles with interpretation (C). 303
Fig. 3-10-3. Example of Chirp (A) and sparker (B) profiles with interpretation (C). 304
Fig. 3-10-4. Example of Sparker profile with interpretation. 306
Fig. 3-10-5. Thickness map for the highstand systems tract of the Nakdong subaqueous delta. 307
Fig. 3-10-6. Schematic Diagram for the evolution of the Nakdong delta system since last... 310