[표지] 1
요약 2
목차 4
Abstract 17
I. 서론 19
1. 연구배경 및 필요성 19
2. 연구목표 21
3. 연구내용 및 방법 22
II. 교육 컨텐츠 도출 24
1. 국내·외 화학물질 배출저감제도 분석 24
가. 국내 화학물질 배출저감제도 24
나. 국외 화학물질 배출저감제도 30
2. 환경부 고시 화학물질안전원 지침 분석 41
3. 배출저감 교육 컨텐츠 도출 43
가. 화학물질 취급 주요 공정 분석 44
나. 배출량 산정방법 분석 45
다. 배출저감기술 분석 47
라. 배출저감 교육에 적합한 교수방법 제안 82
III. 시뮬레이터 구성안 제시 84
1. 가상 시뮬레이터 기술현황 분석 84
가. 화학공정 가상 시뮬레이터 사례 분석 84
나. 교육용 가상 시뮬레이터 사례 분석 88
다. 가상 시뮬레이터 사례 분석을 통한 시사점 도출 91
2. 배출저감기술 교육을 위한 대상공정(4종) 선정 92
가. 공정 선정 기준 92
나. 공정 선정 과정 93
다. 대상 공정(4종) 분석 94
3. 시뮬레이터 구성요소 및 작동기능 제시 95
가. 시뮬레이터 구동방식 분석 95
나. 교육 환경에 적합한 시뮬레이터 구동방식 선정 109
다. 시뮬레이터 주요 작동 기능 111
IV. 학습도구 구성안 제시 112
1. 국내·외 배출저감 관련 학습도구 현황 112
2. 배출저감기술 학습도구 구성안 제시 124
가. 화학물질 학습을 위한 학습도구 구성안 124
나. 화학물질 취급 공정 학습을 위한 학습도구 구성안 125
다. 배출량 산정방법 학습을 위한 학습도구 구성안 128
라. 배출저감기술 학습을 위한 학습도구 구성안 129
3. 배출저감기술 사례연구 구성안 제시 130
가. 배출량 산정 사례 분석 130
나. 사례연구 시뮬레이터 구성안 131
V. 교육용 프로그램 운영방안 132
1. 시뮬레이터 구현방식 및 요구성능 제시 132
가. 시뮬레이터 구동 예시 132
나. 교육장 구성 및 시뮬레이터 요구성능 제시 139
2. 시뮬레이터와 학습도구 융합최적안 도출 141
3. 교육지침 및 강의계획 등 운영방안 제시 143
4. 교육효과 향상 방안 제시 148
VI. 연차별 계획 및 기대효과 151
1. 시뮬레이터 연차별 개발 계획 151
2. 학습도구 연차별 개발계획 153
3. 기대효과 155
4. 연구추진계획 및 일정 156
참고문헌 157
부록 158
1. 시뮬레이터 DEMO 버전 소스 코드 158
가. Main 화면 구성 158
나. 시뮬레이터 구성 167
다. 학습도구 구성 195
〈Table 1〉 Process for the chemical emission reduction system 25
〈Table 2〉 Selection of substances subject to emission reduction 27
〈Table 3〉 Information on emissions and movement of 9 types of chemicals 28
〈Table 4〉 Hazardous information for 9 types of chemicals 29
〈Table 5〉 US Toxic Substance Reduction Plan based on quantity by substance 33
〈Table 6〉 Reducing toxic chemical substances in TURI 35
〈Table 7〉 Facility obligations under TRA 37
〈Table 8〉 Comparison of emissions reduction system in the U.S. and Canada 39
〈Table 9〉 Ministry of environment's notice on emissions reduction 41
〈Table 10〉 Current status of emission reduction technology 47
〈Table 11〉 Substitution solvent for benzene(1) 50
〈Table 12〉 Substitution solvent for benzene(2) 50
〈Table 13〉 Substitution cleaners for benzene 50
〈Table 14〉 Substitution of liquid and solid fuels for benzene 51
〈Table 15〉 Substitution solvent for trichloroethylene(1) 51
〈Table 16〉 Substitution solvent for trichloroethylene(2) 51
〈Table 17〉 Substitution solvent for trichloroethylene(3) 52
〈Table 18〉 Substitution cleaners for trichloroethylene(1) 52
〈Table 19〉 Substitution cleaners for trichloroethylene(2) 52
〈Table 20〉 Improvement methods and reduction rates for each type of device 55
〈Table 21〉 Overview and types of pumps 55
〈Table 22〉 Overview and types of pump seals 56
〈Table 23〉 Overview and examples of valves 58
〈Table 24〉 Overview, examples, and effects of seal-less design valves 59
〈Table 25〉 Overview and type of compressors 59
〈Table 26〉 Overview and example of leak prevention devices in compressors 60
〈Table 27〉 Overview and example of pressure safety valve and rupture disk 60
〈Table 28〉 Overview and example of flange 61
〈Table 29〉 Overview and example of open line 62
〈Table 30〉 Overview and example of sealed sample collection device 62
〈Table 31〉 Overview and principle of process drain 63
〈Table 32〉 Examples of closed-loop system & closed vent system 64
〈Table 33〉 Overview and principle of LDAR 64
〈Table 34〉 Effect of LDAR(Leak Detection and Repair) 65
〈Table 35〉 Overview and example of containment and collection device 65
〈Table 36〉 Overview and type of collection facility 66
〈Table 37〉 Overview and types of adsorption 67
〈Table 38〉 Overview and type of condensation recovery 68
〈Table 39〉 Overview and principle of Condensers 68
〈Table 40〉 Types and application conditions of refrigerants 69
〈Table 41〉 Temperature characteristics according to refrigerant 69
〈Table 42〉 Type of adsorption recovery 69
〈Table 43〉 Overview and types of recovery technology using suction scrubber 70
〈Table 44〉 Overview and principle of membrane separation recovery 70
〈Table 45〉 Types and characteristics of combustion technology 72
〈Table 46〉 Combustion technology safety precautions 74
〈Table 47〉 Overview of adsorption(1) 76
〈Table 48〉 Overview of adsorption(2) 76
〈Table 49〉 Overview of biological treatment process 78
〈Table 50〉 Reduction technology using smart process control system 79
〈Table 51〉 Recovery rate by follow-up management technology 81
〈Table 52〉 Function of PRO/II process simulator 86
〈Table 53〉 Virtual process simulator components 96
〈Table 54〉 Comparison of simulator development methods 110
〈Table 55〉 Example of animation about tank emission reduction technology 112
〈Table 56〉 Example of animation about pump emission reduction technology 114
〈Table 57〉 Example of animation about pipe accessories emission reduction technology 116
〈Table 58〉 Example of animation about environmental pollution prevention facility 119
〈Table 59〉 Contents of learning tools about transport process 126
〈Table 60〉 Strategies for building simulators 139
〈Table 61〉 Composition of training program 143
〈Figure 1〉 Implementation of emission reduction system 19
〈Figure 2〉 Operation of education for preparers of emission reduction plans 19
〈Figure 3〉 Procedure for the chemical emission reduction system 25
〈Figure 4〉 The role of each entity in implementing the chemical emission assessment system 26
〈Figure 5〉 Annual Chemical Emissions Trends in Korea(2010-2018) 26
〈Figure 6〉 How TURA reduces toxic substances 31
〈Figure 7〉 Carcinogens usage in Massachusetts under the TURA program(1990-2010) 32
〈Figure 8〉 Carcinogens emissions in Massachusetts under the TURA program(1990-2010) 32
〈Figure 9〉 Organizations that support TURA 34
〈Figure 10〉 TRI/TURA joint workshop schedule example in 2019 36
〈Figure 11〉 Toxics environment map 38
〈Figure 12〉 Comparison of domestic and foreign emission reduction systems 40
〈Figure 13〉 National Institute of Chemical Safety, 「Guidelines for Investigating Chemical Emissions」 & 「Emission Reduction Technology Guide」 41
〈Figure 14〉 Emissions reduction bill highlights 43
〈Figure 15〉 Chemical process (17 species) 44
〈Figure 16〉 Analysis of emission calculation method 45
〈Figure 17〉 Direct measurement method formula 45
〈Figure 18〉 Material balance method formula 46
〈Figure 19〉 Emission factor method formula 46
〈Figure 20〉 Principle of application of emission reduction technology 47
〈Figure 21〉 Decision-making chart for application of emission reduction technology 48
〈Figure 22〉 Classification of emission reduction technology 49
〈Figure 23〉 Classification of proactive management technology 49
〈Figure 24〉 Analysys of proactive management technology(alternative substances) 53
〈Figure 25〉 VOCs reduction facility among storage process 53
〈Figure 26〉 Improvement of storage facilities for loading and unloading of shipping facilities 54
〈Figure 27〉 Improved volatile storage facilities 54
〈Figure 28〉 Principle of centrifugal pump and positive displacement pump 55
〈Figure 29〉 Gland packing and mechnical seal 56
〈Figure 30〉 Structure of single machine sealing facility and example of installed pump 57
〈Figure 31〉 Structure of buffer fluid reserviors 57
〈Figure 32〉 Structure of sealless pumps 58
〈Figure 33〉 Examples of valve and trim 58
〈Figure 34〉 Examples of seal-less design valve 59
〈Figure 35〉 Type of compressors 59
〈Figure 36〉 Examples of leak prevention devices in compressors 60
〈Figure 37〉 Pressure safety valve and rupture disk 61
〈Figure 38〉 Examples of flange 61
〈Figure 39〉 Examples of open line 62
〈Figure 40〉 Examples of Sealed sample collection device 63
〈Figure 41〉 Examples of process drain 63
〈Figure 42〉 Examples of closed-loop system & closed vent system 64
〈Figure 43〉 Overview of LDAR(Leak Detection and Repair) 64
〈Figure 44〉 Example of containment and collection device 65
〈Figure 45〉 Type of collection facility(1) 66
〈Figure 46〉 Type of collection facility(2) 66
〈Figure 47〉 Classification of following-up management technology 67
〈Figure 48〉 Types of adsorption 67
〈Figure 49〉 Types of condensers 68
〈Figure 50〉 Examples of Absorption recovery 70
〈Figure 51〉 Example of recovery technology using suction scrubber 71
〈Figure 52〉 Example of membrane separation recovery 71
〈Figure 53〉 Principle of membrane separation recovery 72
〈Figure 54〉 Thermal oxidation technology(left) and catalytic oxidation technology 73
〈Figure 55〉 Types of regenerative thermal oxidation 73
〈Figure 56〉 Types of regenerative catalytic oxidation 73
〈Figure 57〉 Principle of flameless thermal oxidation 74
〈Figure 58〉 Example of safety applications of combustion technology 75
〈Figure 59〉 Example of connecting storage tanks and incineration facilities. 75
〈Figure 60〉 Principle of adsorption technology 76
〈Figure 61〉 Absorption process 77
〈Figure 62〉 Packed column(left) and cascade column(right) 77
〈Figure 63〉 Spray tower(left) and venturi scrubber(right) 78
〈Figure 64〉 Composition of bio-filter 79
〈Figure 65〉 Composition of bio-scrubber & bio-trickling 79
〈Figure 66〉 Example of smart process control system 80
〈Figure 67〉 Proposal of teaching methods suitable for emission reduction training 83
〈Figure 68〉 Examples of chemical process simulator 84
〈Figure 69〉 Example of Aspen HYSYS run screen 85
〈Figure 70〉 Example of UniSim run screen 85
〈Figure 71〉 Example of THERMOFLEX run screen 87
〈Figure 72〉 Examples of virtual simulator for training 88
〈Figure 73〉 Example of EDISON run screen 89
〈Figure 74〉 Example of simulator educating a driver for a power till 90
〈Figure 75〉 Example of web-based simulator for hydrogen station 90
〈Figure 76〉 Derivation of implications through case analysis 91
〈Figure 77〉 Criteria for selecting chemical process (4 types) 92
〈Figure 78〉 Methodology of chemical process selection for training 93
〈Figure 79〉 Analysis of chemical process for training(1) 94
〈Figure 80〉 Analysis of chemical process for training(2) 95
〈Figure 81〉 Icon settings in the simulator 97
〈Figure 82〉 Algorithm for calculating emission 98
〈Figure 83〉 Logic for calculating benzene emissions 98
〈Figure 84〉 Logic for calculating trichloroethylene emissions 99
〈Figure 85〉 Logic for calculating vinyl chloride emissions 99
〈Figure 86〉 Logic for calculating 1,3-butadiene emissions 100
〈Figure 87〉 Logic for calculating dichloromethane emissions 100
〈Figure 88〉 Logic for calculating N,N-dimethylformamide emissions 100
〈Figure 89〉 Logic for calculating tetrachloroethylene emissions 101
〈Figure 90〉 Logic for calculating acrylonitrile emissions 101
〈Figure 91〉 Logic for calculating chloroform emissions 102
〈Figure 92〉 Detailed classification of proactive management technology 102
〈Figure 93〉 Detailed classification of follow-up management technology 103
〈Figure 94〉 Algorithm for selecting emission reduction technology 104
〈Figure 95〉 Logic for selecting benzene's emission reduction technology 104
〈Figure 96〉 Logic for selecting trichloroethylene's emission reduction technology 105
〈Figure 97〉 Logic for selecting vinyl chloride's emission reduction technology 105
〈Figure 98〉 Logic for selecting 1,3-butadiene's emission reduction technology 106
〈Figure 99〉 Logic for selecting dichloromethane's emission reduction technology 106
〈Figure 100〉 Logic for selecting N,N-dimethylformamide's emission reduction technology 107
〈Figure 101〉 Logic for selecting tetrachloroethylene's emission reduction technology 107
〈Figure 102〉 Logic for selecting acrylonitrile's emission reduction technology 108
〈Figure 103〉 Logic for selecting chloroform's emission reduction technology 108
〈Figure 104〉 Function of simulator 111
〈Figure 105〉 National Institute of chemical safety's page for training 123
〈Figure 106〉 National Institute of chemical safety's training materials for emission reduction 123
〈Figure 107〉 Example of chemical materials learning tool 124
〈Figure 108〉 Main information on benzene 124
〈Figure 109〉 Physical and chemical properties of benzene 125
〈Figure 110〉 Example of chemical process learning tool 125
〈Figure 111〉 Example of emission calculation method learning tool 128
〈Figure 112〉 Example of emission reduction technology learning tool 129
〈Figure 113〉 Example of running animations 130
〈Figure 114〉 Example of case study for simulator 130
〈Figure 115〉 Example of case study in simulator 131
〈Figure 116〉 Operation process of simulator(draft) 132
〈Figure 117〉 Operation process of simulator(emission calculation method) 134
〈Figure 118〉 Operation process of simulator(emission reduction technology) 135
〈Figure 119〉 Main screen of simulator's demo version 136
〈Figure 120〉 Operation process of simulator's demo version 137
〈Figure 121〉 Example of code for simulator's main screen 138
〈Figure 122〉 Composition of training center 139
〈Figure 123〉 Required performance of simulator 140
〈Figure 124〉 Strategies for disseminating simulators 140
〈Figure 125〉 Convergence of simulator and emission reduction technology learning tools 141
〈Figure 126〉 Presenting a plan for linking simulators and learning tools 142
〈Figure 127〉 Example of lesson plan for simulator practice 144
〈Figure 128〉 Example of lesson plan details for simulator practice 146
〈Figure 129〉 Training guidelines for simulator practice 147
〈Figure 130〉 Example of intelligent P&ID run screen 148
〈Figure 131〉 Example of 3D Integration run screen 149
〈Figure 132〉 Application example of dynamic simulation 149
〈Figure 133〉 Application example of digital Twin 150
〈Figure 134〉 Annual plan of simulator deveopment 152
〈Figure 135〉 Annual plan details of simulator deveopment 152
〈Figure 136〉 Annual plan of learning tools deveopment 154
〈Figure 137〉 Annual plan details of learning tools deveopment 154