[Title Page] 1
Contents 3
요약문 5
Abstract 6
I. Background 8
II. Materials and Methods 9
1. Potential habitat Analysis 9
A. Geographic scope 9
B. Location data (Presence and Absence) 9
C. Environmental Variables 10
D. Ensemble Species Distribution Model (ESDM) 11
2-1. Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East 12
A. Sampling and DNA Extraction 12
B. Species and sex identification 14
C. Microsatellite genotyping and Individual Identification 14
2-2. Heterologous (domestic cat) microsatellite amplification with Amur leopard individuals 16
A. Microsatellite standardization and PCR amplification 16
3. International Collaborations 17
III. Results 19
1. Potential habitat Analysis 19
A. Amur leopard 19
B. Amur Goral 20
2-1. Efficient and cost-effective non-invasive population monitoring as a method to assess the genetic diversity of the last remaining population of Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russia Far East 23
A. Results 23
2-2. Heterologous (domestic cat) microsatellite amplification with Amur leopard individuals 27
A. Results 27
3. International Collaborations 28
IV. Discussion & Conclusion 30
References 33
Appendix 36
Appendix I. International Symposium for Amur Leopard Conservation Poster 36
Appendix II. International Symposium for Amur Leopard Conservation Presentation 37
Appendix III. NEASPEC SOM-25 Meeting Report 71
[Back Cover] 87
Table 2-1. Panel of the species-specific microsatellite markers proposed for Amur leopard population monitoring 24
Table 2-2. Genetic diversity indices of the surveyed Amur leopard population (14 microsatellite markers and 24 individuals) using species specific microsatellites (PanPlex) 26
Table 2-3. Heterologous microsatellite amplification success and polymorphism with Amur leopard fecal DNA extracts obtained from Land of the Leopard (Russia) 27
Figure 1-1. Environmental variables 11
Figure 2-1. Sampling locations of individual Amur leopards identified by... 13
Figure 3-1. Programme of the 25th Senior Offical Meeting 18
Figure 1-2. Preliminary result of the Amur leopard potential habitat analysis (Probability) 19
Figure 1-3. Preliminary result of the Amur leopard potential habitat analysis (binary map) 20
Figure 1-4. Preliminary result of the Amur goral potential habitat analysis (Probability) 21
Figure 1-5. Preliminary result of the Amur goral potential habitat analysis (binary map) 22
Figure 3-2. Presentations of the International Seminar 29
Figure 3-3. Participants of the International Symposium 30
Figure 4. Previous study 31