[표지] 1
제출문 2
보고서 초록 3
요약문 4
SUMMARY 12
목차 21
CONTENTS 22
제1장 서론 37
제1절 연구개발의 필요성 37
1. 연구의 경제·사회 기술적 필요성 37
제2절 연구개발 목표 및 내용 40
1. 연구개발의 목표 40
2. 연차별 연구개발 세부목표 및 내용 42
3. 연구 추진계획 및 수행 방법 44
제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 51
제1절 국내 연구 동향 51
제2절 국외 연구 동향 52
제3절 현재까지의 연구개발 현황 53
제4절 연구 수행 내용 및 방법 55
1. 1차년도(2008년) 55
2. 2차년도(2009년) 56
3. 3차년도(2010년) 57
4. 4차년도(2011년) 58
5. 5차년도(2012년) 59
제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 63
제1절 주요 해양생물 DNA바코드 분석과 분자마커 활용 종판별 기술 개발 및 현장 적용과 평가 63
1. 무척추동물 63
2. 어류 및 난자치어 128
3. 미세조류 및 해파리 196
제2절 유해 생물 탐지 음향시스템 구축과 운용 기술 219
1. 유해 해파리의 음향 특성 연구 219
2. 유해 적조의 음향 특성 연구 251
3. 적조발생해역 환경 및 적조생물 동태 조사 270
4. 음향탐지 시스템 구축 299
5. 음향 탐지 시스템 통합 성능 검증 및 실해역 적용 334
제3절 주요 유용/유해생물 지리정보 DB구축, 국제 네트워크화 356
1. 주요 유용/유해생물 지리정보 DB구축 356
2. 유비쿼터스 주요 유용/유해생물 지리정보 서비스 구축 361
2. 해양생물지리정보시스템(OBIS) 연계시스템 구축 369
제4장 목표달성도 및 대외기여도 377
제1절 목표 달성도 377
1. 본 연구기간 내 연구내용 대비 달성율 377
2. 정량적 목표달성도 (부록 참조) 378
제2절 대외 기여도 379
1. 기술적 측면 379
2. 경제 산업적 측면 379
3. 산.학.연협동연구/사업, 국제협력 등의 추진실적 380
제5장 연구개발 결과의 활용계획 383
제6장 참고문헌 387
제7장 부록 397
부록 1. 발간 논문 목록 397
부록 2. 학술회의 발표 목록 402
[뒷표지] 412
Table 3.1.1. Position of sampling station in study area 65
Table 3.1.2. Primer sequence list used in PCR 66
Table 3.1.3. Species list of DNAchip for species identification 68
Table 3.1.4. Designed species-specific probe/primer set for 11 invertebrate species identification 70
Table 3.1.5. The useful invertebrates construction in study area 71
Table 3.1.6. Collection of the useful invertebrates in study area(2009) 75
Table 3.1.7. Collection of the useful invertebrates in study area(2010) 77
Table 3.1.8. Collection of the useful invertebrates in study area(2011) 80
Table 3.1.9. Collection of the useful invertebrates in study area(2012) 86
Table 3.1.10. Abundance of meiofaunal taxa at each sampling period in Gamak Bay 94
Table 3.1.11. The density of dominant taxa in proportion to the total density in Gamak Bay 97
Table 3.1.12. Population genetic analysis of the Korean Atrina pectinata collected from three different populations 105
Table 3.1.13. Summary of invertebrate sequence analyzed 114
Table 3.1.14. Result of Blast search 114
Table 3.1.15. Species composition of fish eggs, larvae of invertebrates, zooplankton in Tongyeong by Next generation Sequencing analysis 116
Table 3.1.16. 317 fish species DNA barcode reference data for designing species-specific probe/primer 134
Table 3.1.17. List of species-specific primer and probe sequences 154
Table 3.1.18. The comparison of known fish egg composition obtained from… 164
Table 3.1.19. The species composition of fish eggs and larvae identified… 165
Table 3.1.20. The species composition of fish eggs and larvae collected in the study area on May to August, 2008 166
Table 3.1.21. The species composition of fish eggs and larvae collected in the study area on May to August, 2009 168
Table 3.1.22. The occurrence duration of fish eggs identified by pyrosequencing and collected from sea area near Yeosu in 2008 178
Table 3.1.23. The check list of fish eggs identified by pyrosequencing and collected from sea area near Yeosu in 2008 179
Table 3.1.24. The check list of fish eggs and larvae distributed through sea area near Yeosu in May to August, 2008 180
Table 3.1.25. Nucleotide identities of jellyfish species 197
Table 3.1.26. Probe selection for Microarray analysis 198
Table 3.1.27. Nucleotide identities (upper) and divergence (lower) of microalgal species 201
Table 3.1.28. Probe selection for microarray analysis 203
Table 3.1.29. Construction of species specific primers in jellyfish 206
Table 3.1.30. Construction of specific primers in microalgae 210
Table 3.2.1. Species, total number of jellyfish and method of sampling 222
Table 3.2.2. Acoustic parameter of experimental facilities 225
Table 3.2.3. Example of ∆MVBS from diameter of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) 244
Table 3.2.4. Values of density ratio (g) and sound speed ratio (h) for phytoplanktons 258
Table 3.2.5. Comparison with cell size son the osmotic pressure 261
Table 3.2.6. Temperature change at 2 m water depth on July and August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands 270
Table 3.2.7. Salinity change at 2 m water depth on July and August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands 272
Table 3.2.8. Species composition of phytoplankton on July and August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands 274
Table 3.2.9. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on July and August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands 275
Table 3.2.10. Water Temperature change at 2 m water depth on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands 276
Table 3.2.11. Salinity change at 2 m water depth on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands 277
Table 3.2.12. Species composition of phytoplankton on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands 278
Table 3.2.13. Dominant species and Dominant ratio of phytoplankton on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands. 281
Table 3.2.14. Water temperature at surface on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Tongyeong 281
Table 3.2.15. Salinity at surface on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Tongyeong 282
Table 3.2.16. Water temperature, salinity and sigma-t at surface on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Yeosu 282
Table 3.2.17. Species composition of phytoplankton on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Tongyeong 283
Table 3.2.18. Species composition of phytoplankton on August, 2010 near coastal area of the Yeosu 284
Table 3.2.19. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Tongyeong 285
Table 3.2.20. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on August and September, 2010 near coastal area of the Yeosu 286
Table 3.2.21. Water temperature, salinity and sigma-a on May, 2011 near the Gumo Islands 286
Table 3.2.22. Water temperature, salinity and sigma-a on July, 2011 near the Gumo Islands 287
Table 3.2.23. Species composition of phytoplankton on May and July, 2010 near the Gumo Islands 289
Table 3.2.24. Species composition of phytoplankton on August and October, 2010 289
Table 3.2.25. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on May and July, 2010 near the Gumo Islands 290
Table 3.2.26. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on August and October, 2010 291
Table 3.2.27. Environmental survey in 2012 292
Table 3.2.28. Species composition of phytoplankton on June, 2012 near the Shihwaho 292
Table 3.2.29. Species composition of phytoplankton on June, 2012 near the Cheonsuman 293
Table 3.2.30. Species composition of phytoplankton on August, 2012 near the Dolsan islands 293
Table 3.2.31. Species composition of phytoplankton on September, 2012 near the Cheonsuman 294
Table 3.2.32. Species composition of phytoplankton on October, 2012 near coastal area of the Yeosu 294
Table 3.2.33. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on June, 2012 near the Shihwaho 295
Table 3.2.34. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on June, 2012 near the Cheonsuman 295
Table 3.2.35. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on August, 2012 near coastal area of the Yeosu 296
Table 3.2.36. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on September, 2012 near the Cheonsuman 297
Table 3.2.37. Dominant species and dominant ratio of phytoplankton on October, 2012 near coastal area of the Yeosu 298
Table 3.2.38. Comparison of active/passive filter in integration system 306
Table 3.2.39. WM-800 External Modem Specification 313
Table 3.2.40. Specification of transducers (3.5 MHz: A381S, 5.0 MHz: A308S) 319
Table 3.2.41. External capacitor capacity from envelope detector 325
Table 3.2.42. Major specification of acoustic detection system 335
Table 3.2.43. Performance evaluation using integrated acoustic system 338
Table 3.2.44. Phytoplankton abundance and environmental data for comparing acoustic data in 2010 341
Table 3.2.45. Phytoplankton abundance and environmental data for comparing acoustic data in 2012 351
Fig. 3.1.1. Location of sampling station in the study area 65
Fig. 3.1.2. The sequence for design of probes using for DNA chip. 67
Fig. 3.1.3. The preview of DNA chip manufacture process. 67
Fig. 3.1.4. The PCR result of invertebrate COI region for proving probes spotting in DNA chip. 68
Fig. 3.1.5. An Acquisition of reproducibility and precise analysis of massive samples using EP1 machine. 69
Fig. 3.1.6. A kit development for DNA extraction and analysis in the field. 69
Fig. 3.1.7. Distributed map of useful invertebrate around Yeosu.[그림없음] 72
Fig. 3.1.8. Atrina pectinata (left) and Urechis unicinctus (right) to be consignmented sale at Yeosu fishing market. 73
Fig. 3.1.9. Abundance graph of meiofauna at each station and period in Gamak Bay. 95
Fig. 3.1.10. Abundance graph of nematodes at each station and period in Gamak Bay. 95
Fig. 3.1.11. Abundance graph of harpacticoides at each station and period in Gamak Bay. 96
Fig. 3.1.12. Abundance graph of taxon number at each station and period in Gamak Bay. 96
Fig. 3.1.13. Comparion of COI gene of Atrina pectinata of Yeosu (South Sea), Oecheon (Yellow Sea) and Japan. 99
Fig. 3.1.14. Dendrogram of COI sequence to be catched Atrina pectinata at Deukrang bay, Yeosu, Oecheon, and Japan. 100
Fig. 3.1.15. The interspecific identity between Urechis COI gene sequence. 102
Fig. 3.1.16. The target species for DNA sequencing analysis in study area. 103
Fig. 3.1.17. The result of target species chromatograph by DNA sequencing analysis. 104
Fig. 3.1.18. Database information of target species and DNA sequencing analysis. 105
Fig. 3.1.19. The haplotype network on the three Korean... 106
Fig. 3.1.20. The target species for DNA sequencing analysis in study area. 107
Fig. 3.1.21. The result of target species chromatograph by DNA sequencing analysis.[그림없음] 108
Fig. 3.1.22. Database information of target species and DNA sequencing analysis. 109
Fig. 3.1.23. A map denoting the sampling... 109
Fig. 3.1.24. Four different Korean Prochaetosoma species... 110
Fig. 3.1.25. Molecular operational taxonomic units of the various marine nematodes measured by the analysis of genetic distances of 18S rRNA gene sequences. 111
Fig. 3.1.26. Molecular operational taxonomic units of the various marine... 112
Fig. 3.1.27. Molecular operational taxonomic units of the various marine... 113
Fig. 3.1.28. Distribution of massive sequence length. 115
Fig. 3.1.29. Diagram of BLAST search. 115
Fig. 3.1.30. Species specific probe test for Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Strongylocentrotus nudus. 117
Fig. 3.1.31. Species specific probe test for Halocynthia roretzi, Asterias amurensis. 117
Fig. 3.1.32. Species specific probe test for Asterias amurensis. 118
Fig. 3.1.33. Species specific probe test for Mytilus coruscus and Turbo cornutus. 118
Fig. 3.1.34. Species specific probe test for Crassostrea gigas. 119
Fig. 3.1.35. Species specific probe test for Tetraclita japonica. 119
Fig. 3.1.36. Species specific probe test for Exopalaemon orientis. 119
Fig. 3.1.37. Species specific probe test for Fenneropenaeus chinensis. 120
Fig. 3.1.38. Species specific probe test for Upogevia major. 120
Fig. 3.1.39. The image of invertabrate DNA chip. 121
Fig. 3.1.40. Strongylocentrotus nudus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Atrina pectinata DNA chip test. 121
Fig. 3.1.41. Charybdis japonica, Echinoidea, and Pentagonal sea cucumber DNA chip test. 122
Fig. 3.1.42. Crinoids, Fusinus longicaudus, and Halimede fragifera DNA chip test. 122
Fig. 3.1.43. Patelloida saccharina, Cellana toreuma, and Heminerita japonica DNA chip test. 123
Fig. 3.1.44. Monodonta labio confusa, Cantharus cecillii, and Placiphorella stimpsoni DNA chip test. 123
Fig. 3.1.45. Rapana venosa, Aplysia kurodai, and Plocamopherus tiiesii DNA chip test. 124
Fig. 3.1.46. Acanthopiuera japonica, Ischnochiton comptus, and Acmaea pallida DNA chip test. 124
Fig. 3.1.47. Lithophaga curta, Reishia bronni, and Omphalius pfeifferi DNA chip test. 125
Fig. 3.1.48. Crepidula onyx, Medaeops granulosus, and Paphia undulata DNA chip test. 125
Fig. 3.1.49. Platylambrus validus, Telmesus acutidens, and Tetraclita japonica DNA chip test. 126
Fig. 3.1.50. Batillus cornutus, Asterina pectinifera, and Mytilus coruscus DNA chip test. 126
Fig. 3.1.51. Styela clava clava, Pollicipes mitella, and Tegillarca granosa DNA chip test. 127
Fig. 3.1.52. Flowchart showing species-specific probe/primer design. 128
Fig. 3.1.53. TaqMan probe design using AllelelD program for fish species specific probe selection. 129
Fig. 3.1.54. Speecies-specific Probe selection using the nested PCR method. 129
Fig. 3.1.55. Flowchart showing assessment of species identification using Realtime PCR. 130
Fig. 3.1.56. Map showing the sampling stations on May to August, 2008 and 2009. 131
Fig. 3.1.57. The PCR result of fish COI region for proving probes spotting in DNA chip. 133
Fig. 3.1.58. An Acquisition of reproducibility and precise analysis of massive samples using EP1 machine. 133
Fig. 3.1.59. Species detection of a red seabream (Pagrus major) in the mixed eggs using species-specific probe for the red seabream by Realtime PCR. 159
Fig. 3.1.60. Species specific probe test for Pagrus major identification. 159
Fig. 3.1.61. Species specific probe test for Oplegnathus fasciatus identification. 160
Fig. 3.1.62. Species specific probe test for Setipinna tenuifilis identification. 160
Fig. 3.1.63. Species specific probe test for Zebrias fasciatus identification. 160
Fig. 3.1.64. Species specific probe test for Engraulis japonicus identification. 161
Fig. 3.1.65. Species specific probe test for Engraulis japonicus identification. 161
Fig. 3.1.66. Rarefaction curve on species number per one sample to number... 162
Fig. 3.1.67. Rarefaction curve on number of species to number of sample of fish eggs. 163
Fig. 3.1.68. Weekly variation of abundances in fish eggs... 171
Fig. 3.1.69. Weekly variation of total abundances in fish... 172
Fig. 3.1.70. Seasonal variation of anchovy eggs and larvae occurred in the study… 173
Fig. 3.1.71. Seasonal variation of major fish eggs occurred in the study area on May to August, 2008~2009. My, May; Jn, June; Jl, July; Ag, August. 174
Fig. 3.1.72. Fish egg composition by a morphology-based… 177
Fig. 3.1.73. Photos of gel electrophoresis of 16SrDNA PCR products obtained from… 181
Fig. 3.1.74. COI PCR products of... 182
Fig. 3.1.75. The image of fish DNA chip. 188
Fig. 3.1.76. Trichiurus japonicus, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, and Cynoglossus robustus DNA chip test. 189
Fig. 3.1.77. Muraenesox cinereus, Hapalogenys mucronatus, and Zebrias fasciatus DNA chip test. 189
Fig. 3.1.78. Hexagrammos sp., Zeus faber, and Repomucenus sp. DNA chip test. 190
Fig. 3.1.79. Ditrema temmincki, Engraulis japonicus, and Pholis nebulosa DNA chip test. 190
Fig. 3.1.80. Pampus argenteus, Pennahia argentata, and Sillago sihama DNA chip test. 191
Fig. 3.1.81. Takifugu niphobles, Conger myriaster, and Scomberomorus niphonius DNA chip test. 191
Fig. 3.1.82. Psenopsis anomala, Chelidonichthys spinosus, and Mugil cephalus DNA chip test. 192
Fig. 3.1.83. Omobranchus elegans, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, and Platycephalus sp. DNA chip test. 192
Fig. 3.1.84. Halichoeres poecilopterus, Trachurus japonicus, and Konosirus punctatus DNA chip test. 193
Fig. 3.1.85. Sebastes schlegelii, Hexagrammos octogrammus, and Hexagrammos otakii DNA chip test. 193
Fig. 3.1.86. Pagrus major, Cynoglossus joyneri, Parablennius yatabei DNA chip test. 194
Fig. 3.1.87. Lophius litulon, Paraplagusia japonica, and Sphyraena pinguis DNA chip test. 194
Fig. 3.1.88. Result of species specific probe test for Sphyraena pinguis,… 195
Fig. 3.1.89. Jellyfish target gene (COI) amplification. Lane 1:... 196
Fig. 3.1.90. Sequence alignment of mt COI genes from 6 jellyfish species. 197
Fig. 3.1.91. Topologies obtained via phylogenetic analysis of jellyfish COI gene. 198
Fig. 3.1.92. Layout of DNA microarrays for jellyfish species identification. 199
Fig. 3.1.93. Sequence alignment of mtCOI genes from 25 microalgal species. 200
Fig. 3.1.94. Topologies obtained via phylogenetic analysis of microalgal COI gene. 202
Fig. 3.1.95. Layout of DNA chip for microalgal species identification. 204
Fig. 3.1.96. COI amplification by PCR in jellyfish. 205
Fig. 3.1.97. Sequence analysis of jellyfish. 205
Fig. 3.1.98. SEM image for microalgae species isolation. 206
Fig. 3.1.99. COI amplification by PCR in microalgae. 207
Fig. 3.1.100. Sequencing analysis of microalgae 208
Fig. 3.1.101. Probe design method for FISH analysis. 211
Fig. 3.1.102. Diagram of FISH method. 211
Fig. 3.1.103. Design for Probe test. 212
Fig. 3.1.104. DNA chip analysis using species-specific probes (jellyfish). 213
Fig. 3.1.105. DNA chip analysis using species-specific probes (microalgae). 214
Fig. 3.1.106. DNA chip test by mixed samples (two species). 214
Fig. 3.1.107. DNA chip test by mixed samples (2, 3 and 4 species). 215
Fig. 3.1.108. Identification of jellyfishes isolation by PCR method. 216
Fig. 3.1.109. Identification of microalgae by PCR method. 216
Fig. 3.1.110. Confirmation of microalgaes using on site samples. 217
Fig. 3.1.111. Probe test for detecting Heterocapsa circularisquama. 218
Fig. 3.2.1. Image of jellyfish and method of sampling, (a)... 221
Fig. 3.2.2. Measurement of jellyfish umbrella diameter in water (a) and in air (b). 223
Fig. 3.2.3. Experimental facilities (a) acoustic transducers and (b) experimental diagram. 224
Fig. 3.2.4. Photographic image using under water camera (a) three Aurelia aurita and (b) two Aurelia aurita. 226
Fig. 3.2.5. Scheme for measurement of the sound speed (a) and the density (b) contrast of jellyfish. 227
Fig. 3.2.6. Geometric shape of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) using acoustic model (Expansion of the umbrella (left), Contraction of the umbrella (right). 228
Fig. 3.2.7. Photographic image of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) under water camera (bell diameter: 32 cm, expansion and contraction of the umbrella). 229
Fig. 3.2.8. Shape of jellyfish symbiosis (left), shape of shrimp using acoustic model (right). 230
Fig. 3.2.9. Schematic of acoustic experiment of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai, side-aspect). 231
Fig. 3.2.10. Example of acoustic signal (side-aspect jellyfish, diameter: 79 cm [38 kHz], diameter: 67 cm [420 kHz]) 232
Fig. 3.2.11. Acoustic transect for detecting jellyfish. 233
Fig. 3.2.12. Survey area in 2002. 2006. 233
Fig. 3.2.13. Method for measuring the acoustical characteristics of jellyfish. 234
Fig. 3.2.14. Relationship between bell diameter in water and bell diameter in air of an jellyfish (Aurelia aurita). 236
Fig. 3.2.15. Relationship between bell diameter in water and bell diameter in air of an jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii). 236
Fig. 3.2.16. Method for measuring the acoustical characteristics of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). 236
Fig. 3.2.17. Relationship between bell diameter in water and bell diameter in air of an jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). 237
Fig. 3.2.18. Acoustic characteristics of jellyfish (Aurelia aurita). 238
Fig. 3.2.19. Relationship between bell diameter and averaged target strength of an jellyfish (Aurelia aurita). 239
Fig. 3.2.20. Acoustic characteristics of jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii). 240
Fig. 3.2.21. Relationship between bell diameter and averaged target strength of… 241
Fig. 3.2.22. Downward-aspect target strength (TS) frequency for jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai, diameter: 65 cm). 242
Fig. 3.2.23. Relationship between bell diameter and averaged target strength of an downward-aspect jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). 242
Fig. 3.2.24. Reduce Target strength (RTS) as ka for jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) using acoustic model. 243
Fig. 3.2.25. Target strength (TS) as number of krill affected TS of jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai, diameter: 21 cm). 244
Fig. 3.2.26. Side-aspect target strength (TS) frequency for jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai, bell diameter: 18 cm). 245
Fig. 3.2.27. Relationship between bell diameter and side-aspect averaged target strength of an jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). 246
Fig. 3.2.28. Relationship between downward-aspect (red) and side-aspect (green) averaged target strength of an jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai). 247
Fig. 3.2.29. Acoustic characteristics of jellyfish in the southwest of Jeju island, 2002. 249
Fig. 3.2.30. Comparison between other scatterers of acoustic target strength of the jellyfish. 250
Fig. 3.2.31. Occurrences of major red tide in southern sea from 2005 to 2007. 251
Fig. 3.2.32. Occurrences of major red tide in western sea from 2008 to 2010. 252
Fig. 3.2.33. Comparison of sphere scattering using acoustic model. 256
Fig. 3.2.34. Shape of red tide (Chattonella sp.) and Result of acoustic model. 256
Fig. 3.2.35. Comparison of backscattering of red tide using acoustic model. 257
Fig. 3.2.36. Equivalent spherical radius from types of chain-forming red tide (C. polykrikoides). 258
Fig. 3.2.37. Backscattering cross section, σv, Harmful algae vs. equivalent sphere radius a. 259
Fig. 3.2.38. Size of red tide organism (C. polykrikoides and Chattonella antiqua). 259
Fig. 3.2.39. Size variation of red tide organism caused by osmotic pressure. 261
Fig. 3.2.40. Experimental set up for density of red tide. 261
Fig. 3.2.41. Experimental set up for sound speed of red tide. 262
Fig. 3.2.42. Experimental set up for beam patterns of transducers. 263
Fig. 3.2.43. Beam patterns of transducers with 5.0 MHz. 264
Fig. 3.2.44. Different chains of C. polykrikoides. 265
Fig. 3.2.45. Schematic diagram at the experimental set up in lab. 266
Fig. 3.2.46. Colony formation by the growth of red tide organism in lab. 267
Fig. 3.2.47. Theoretical volume backscattering strength. 267
Fig. 3.2.48. Backscattering signals from the C. polykrikoides. 268
Fig. 3.2.49. Volume backscattering strength per each number of cells. 268
Fig. 3.2.50. Vertical distribution of water temperature on July, 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 271
Fig. 3.2.51. Vertical distribution of water temperature on August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 271
Fig. 3.2.52. Vertical distribution of salinity on July, 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 272
Fig. 3.2.53. Vertical distribution of salinity on August, 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 273
Fig. 3.2.54. Percentage composition of phytoplankton on July(a) and August(b), 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 274
Fig. 3.2.55. Horizontal distribution of phytoplankton on July(a) and August(b), 2008 near the Gumo Islands. 275
Fig. 3.2.56. Vertical distribution of water temperature on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands. 276
Fig. 3.2.57. Vertical distribution of salinity on May and August, 2009 near the Gumo Islands. 277
Fig. 3.2.58. Percentage composition of phytoplankton on May(a) and August(b), 2009 near the Gumo Islands. 279
Fig. 3.2.59. Horizontal distribution of Phytoplankton on May(a) and August(b), 2009 near the Gumo Islands. 280
Fig. 3.2.60. Percentage composition of phytoplankton on August(a) and September(b), 2010 near coastal area of the Tongyeong. 283
Fig. 3.5.61. Percentage composition of phytoplankton on August, 2010 near coastal area of the Yeosu. 284
Fig. 3.2.62. Vertical distribution of water temperature, salinity and sigma-a on May, 2011 near the Gumo Islands. 287
Fig. 3.2.63. Vertical distribution of water temperature, salinity and sigma-a on July, 2011 near the Gumo Islands. 288
Fig. 3.2.64. Diagram of harmful red tide acoustic detection system 299
Fig. 3.2.65. Fluid-sphere acoustic backscattering model. 301
Fig. 3.2.66. Optimal ultrasonic sensor frequency selection. 302
Fig. 3.2.67. Major components of ultrasonic acoustic transducer. 303
Fig. 3.2.68. Characteristics of ultrasonic response from driven spike pulse. 303
Fig. 3.2.69. Block diagram of pulse drive circuit in integration system. 304
Fig. 3.2.70. Spike pulse driver circuit in integration system. 305
Fig. 3.2.71. Effect on filter circuit by acoustic signal. 307
Fig. 3.2.72. Insonified area from C. polykrikoides patch. 308
Fig. 3.2.73. Beam pattern from 5.0 MHz transducer. 309
Fig. 3.2.74. Average receiving voltage from ultrasonic transducer 310
Fig. 3.2.75. Acoustic backscattering signal for time series and moving average[원문불량;p.276] 310
Fig. 3.2.76. Flow-chart of acoustic signal processing algorithm. 312
Fig. 3.2.77. TCP/IP and SMS services integrated network. 314
Fig. 3.2.78. Network configuration of acoustic detection system. 315
Fig. 3.2.79. Block diagram of acoustic detection system. 316
Fig. 3.2.80. Configuration of acoustic detection system, buoy type (a) and shipboard type (b). 317
Fig. 3.2.81. Schematic diagram of real-time acoustic detection system. 318
Fig. 3.2.82. Block diagram of transmitting/receiving operation. 319
Fig. 3.2.83. Block diagram of sensor-driven/receiving board operation. 320
Fig. 3.2.84. Simulation of pulse generating control signals. 321
Fig. 3.2.85. Design of wave pulse circuit. 322
Fig. 3.2.86. Sensor-driven/signal receiving board. 323
Fig. 3.2.87. Pulse driver signal. 324
Fig. 3.2.88. Flow chart of envelope detector signal processing. 326
Fig. 3.2.89. Shape of signal processing/AD board. 327
Fig. 3.2.90. Signal from A/D conversion board. 328
Fig. 3.2.91. Signal analysis/system control board. 329
Fig. 3.2.92. Diagram of acoustic detection system control. 329
Fig. 3.2.93. Power distribution board. 331
Fig. 3.2.94. Graphic user interface (GUI) program. 332
Fig. 3.2.95. Performance evaluation from acoustic detection system in lab. 336
Fig. 3.2.96. Difference of backscattering strength from C. polykrikoides as number of cells at 3.5 and 5.0 MHz in lab. 337
Fig. 3.2.97. Location for field evaluation of developed HAB's... 339
Fig. 3.2.98. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength... 340
Fig. 3.2.99. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength... 341
Fig. 3.2.100. Location of acoustic detection system from buoy-type near the Gumo Islands, 2011. 342
Fig. 3.2.101. Performance evaluation using integrated acoustic system from buoy-type. 343
Fig. 3.2.102. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength using 3.5 MHz(a) and 5.0 MHz(b), temperature and salinity(c), tile angle from buoy-type system. 344
Fig. 3.2.103. Location for buoy-type acoustic detection system (Tongyeong and Yeosu). 345
Fig. 3.2.104. Photography of acoustic detection system from buoy-type. 346
Fig. 3.2.105. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength from buoy-type system near coastal of the Yeosu. 347
Fig. 3.2.106. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength from buoy-type system near coastal of the Tongyeong. 347
Fig. 3.2.107. Red tide forecasting information from NFRDI (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute). 348
Fig. 3.2.108. Diel variation of the Difference of backscattering strength near Tongyeong and Yeosu. 349
Fig. 3.2.109. Location for field evaluation of developed HAB's acoustic detection system in 2012. 350
Fig. 3.2.110. Variation of the Difference of backscattering strength using 3.5 MHz and 5.0 MHz transducer under the condition of red-tide event (abnormal seawater) in 2012. 352
Fig. 3.2.111. Relationship between number of Gynodinium sp. cells and DSIfreq.[이미지참조] 352
Fig. 3.3.1. Geographic data mining. 357
Fig. 3.3.2. Observation data (date, method, and species) mining. 357
Fig. 3.3.3. ERD(entity and relation diagram) of marine useful/harmful organisms geographic information DataBase. 358
Fig. 3.3.4. A scene of creating tables at Oracle Enterprise Manager Console. 359
Fig. 3.3.5. Reconstruction of collected data and data input. 360
Fig. 3.3.6. Monthly salinity data of 1/4° grid. 360
Fig. 3.3.7. Korea Ocean Biogeographic Service System web site. 361
Fig. 3.3.8. Occurrence information search by geography. 362
Fig. 3.3.9. Species information search by scientific name. 362
Fig. 3.3.10. A scene of species information service. 362
Fig. 3.3.11. Sea surface temperature data of August. 363
Fig. 3.3.12. A program of calculating occurrence frequency data by grid. 363
Fig. 3.3.13. Monthly occurrence frequency by grid. 364
Fig. 3.3.14. Occurrence frequency at specific temperature by grid. 364
Fig. 3.3.15. Mobile web site of Korea Ocean Biogeographic Service System. 365
Fig. 3.3.16. Mobile web site of Korea Ocean Biogeographic Service System. 365
Fig. 3.3.17. Application of KOBIS for Android. 366
Fig. 3.3.18. Data service application for tablet PC. 367
Fig. 3.3.19. Insert module of field data. 367
Fig. 3.3.20. Acoustic detection data service. 368
Fig. 3.3.21. Diagram of ubiquitous biogeographic information system for useful/harmful marine organisms. 369
Fig. 3.3.22. Data processes of the DiGIR software package. 370
Fig. 3.3.23. Structure of the KOBIS DB. 371
Fig. 3.3.24. Quality control of KOBIS data. 372
Fig. 3.3.25. DB table for the Korea OBIS. 372
Fig. 3.3.26. Installation of DiGIR software package. 373
Fig. 3.3.27. Configuration setup of KOBIS DiGIR. 373
Fig. 3.3.28. KOBIS data retrieved through international OBIS portal. 374