표제지
목차
요약문 5
SUMMARY 6
제1장 연구개발 과제의 개요 9
1. 우리나라 전복 양식 9
2. 연구 목적 11
제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 12
제3장 연구개발 수행내용 및 결과 13
제1절 순환여과식 기반 적정 사육환경 탐색 13
1. 재료 및 방법 13
2. 결과 및 고찰 17
제2절 패각 성장인자 구명 43
1. 재료 및 방법 43
2. 결과 및 고찰 45
제3절 적정 사육시스템 운용 52
1. 재료 및 방법 52
2. 결과 및 고찰 55
제4절 전복용 순환여과시시템 설계시 고려사항 64
1. 사육수 및 수조의 생물 오염 64
2. 패각 천공성 다모류의 확산에 의한 전복의 상품성 저하 65
3. 장기간 사육에 의한 패각 부식과 생식소 이상 67
제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 68
1. 전복용 순환여과시스템 사육조건 구명 68
2. 전복 전용 순환여과시스템 시험모델과 현장 적용 가능성 제시 68
3. 전복 친환경 종자생산 및 가두리양식관리 매뉴얼 배포 68
4. 수산현장 기술지원을 통한 전복양식 피해 저감 기여 69
5. 전복 등 패류 폐사피해 원인조사 보고서 송부 70
제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 71
제6장 참고문헌 72
제7장 부록 75
판권기 77
Table 1. Quantitative scoring of histological alterations 17
Table 2. Growth rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various water temperature in RAS 18
Table 3. Changes in cumulative mortality and survival rate of abalone Haliotis discus hanani by various water temperature in RAS 19
Table 4. Changes in condition index (CI) and meat weight rate (MWR) of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various water temperature in RAS 20
Table 5. Physiological changes of abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to various water temperature in RAS 20
Table 6. Changes in the environmental factors according to various water temperature in RAS 21
Table 7. Variations in food amount and average daily excretion of abalone Haliotis discus hannai by controlling the water temperature in RAS 23
Table 8. Growth rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various water temperature in RAS 24
Table 9. Survival rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various water temperature in RAS 25
Table 10. Physiological changes in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to various water temperature in RAS 26
Table 11. Environmental changes in breeding water of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various water temperature in RAS 28
Table 12. Environmental changes in breeding water of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to water circulation rate in RAS 30
Table 13. Daily growth rate and survival rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to water circulation rate in RAS 30
Table 14. Physiological changes in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to water circulation rate in RAS 30
Table 15. Environmental changes in breeding water of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to water exchange rate in RAS 31
Table 16. Daily growth rate and mortality rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to water exchange rate in RAS 31
Table 17. Physiological changes in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to water exchange rate in RAS for 4-week period 32
Table 18. Daily growth rate and mortality rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to various salinity in RAS 32
Table 19. Physiological changes in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to various salinity in RAS 33
Table 20. Quantitative scoring of gill and digestive tubule histological alterations of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai exposed to high salinity 34
Table 21. Changes in breeding environment over time in RAS 34
Table 22. Growth rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to breeding density in RAS 35
Table 23. Condition index (CI) and meat weight rate (FWR) of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to breeding density in RAS 35
Table 24. Survival rate of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to breeding density in RAS 36
Table 25. Physiological changes of abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to breeding density over time in RAS 36
Table 26. Environmental changes in breeding water of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to the feed types in RAS 37
Table 27. Daily growth rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to kelp, formulated feed, and their mixture in RAS 38
Table 28. Daily growth rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to sea-mustard, formulated feed, and their mixture in RAS 39
Table 29. Daily growth rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to laver, formulated feed, and their mixture in RAS 40
Table 30. Condition index (CI) and meat weight rate (MWR) of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to formulated feed, seaweeds (kelp, sea-mustard and laver),... 41
Table 31. Survival rate of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai according to formulated feed, seaweeds (kelp, sea-mustard and laver), and their mixture in RAS 41
Table 32. Physiological changes of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to formulated feed, seaweeds (kelp, sea-mustard and laver), and their mixture in RAS 42
Table 33. Daily growth rate, survival rate and falling rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai managed at different breeding density for 7-day period 46
Table 34. Daily growth rate, cumulative mortality and detachment rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai exposed to different pH for 7-day period 46
Table 35. Physiological chages of hemolymph in abalone Haliotis discus hannai exposed to different pH for 7-day period 47
Table 36. Daily growth rate, survival rate and falling rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to formulated feed, kelp, sea-mustard, and their mixture in RAS 48
Table 37. Physiological changes of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to formulated feed, kelp, sea-mustard, and their mixture in RAS 49
Table 38. Aragonite and calcite ratio in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai shell powder fed the formulated feed, kelp, sea-mustard, and their mixture in RAS 50
Table 39. Analysis of components in the shell using Thermo Scientific iCAP duo Inductively Coupled Plasm-Automic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) after supplying... 51
Table 40. Environmental changes in breeding water according to elapsed time after pH control 52
Table 41. Comparison of environmental factors by various types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system (56-day period) 55
Table 42. Comparison of the growth by various abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system for 2-month period 56
Table 43. Comparison of the daily growth rate, survival rate and falling rate by various abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system for 2-month period 56
Table 44. Comparison of variations on physiological factors by different types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system 56
Table 45. Optimal breeding conditions in abalone-only RAS 58
Table 46. Comparison of daily growth rate, mortality and detaching rate by different types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system for 1-month period 59
Table 47. Comparison of variations on physiological factors by different types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system 59
Table 48. Comparison of the ability to respond to changes in the external environmental conditions of different types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system 59
Table 49. Comparison of environmental factors by different types of different types of abalone Haliotis discus hannai culture system for 1-month period 60
Table 50. Daily growth rate and survival rate of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to formulated feed, kelp, and their mixture in RAS 61
Table 51. Effect of breeding density on Polychaete infestation 66
Fig. 1. Changes of abalone production in Korea (from https://www.foc.re.kr) 9
Fig. 2. Types of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) 13
Fig. 3. Configuration of a small-type RAS used for the optimal temperature survey of abalone Haliotis discus hannai 14
Fig. 4. Breeding of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, proper density experiment. (A) 350 shells/m², (B) 700 shells/m², and (C) 1,050 shells/m² 15
Fig. 5. Variations in pH value on elapsed time by each water temperature (↓, CaCO3 addition) 22
Fig. 6. Periodic variations in pH value upon elapsed time after feeding (Left, supplied kelp; Right, supplied formulated feed; ↓, feeding time) 23
Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of the sexual maturity of abalone Haliotis discus hannai according to water temperature. A~C: Observation of early oocyte in oogenic follicle,... 26
Fig. 8. Analysis of changes in the types (top) and mortality rate (bottom) of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to various water temperature by flow-cytometery 27
Fig. 9. Variation of water temperature (highlighted in black) and pH (highlighted in blue) in each experimental group 28
Fig. 10. Derivation of optimal breeding water temperature for abalone Haliotis discus hannai in RAS. (A) shell length, (B) shell width 29
Fig. 11. Results of measuring cell type (top) and mortality (bottom) using flow-cytometry for abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph cells according to salinity 33
Fig. 12. Photomicrographs of the histological alteration in gill (A~D) and digestive tubule of hepatopancreas (E~H) of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai exposed to... 34
Fig. 13. Changes in composition ratio (left) and peak position (right) of abalone Haliotis duscus hannai shells using XRD 36
Fig. 14. Blood index of abalone Haliotis discus hannai hemolymph according to breeding density over time. (A) AST(GOT), (B) ALT (GPT), (C) Glucose 37
Fig. 15. Changes in composition ratio of abalone Haliotis duscus hannai shells using XRD; (A) & (D), Kelp and Formulated feed; (B) & (E), Sea-mustard and... 41
Fig. 16. Configuration for investigating changes and effects of pH 43
Fig. 17. Influence of breeding density on pH variation of indoor seawater tanks 45
Fig. 18. Effects of formulated feed, kelp alone, and their mixture (formulated feed/kelp) on the growth of shell length and weight of abalone Haliotis discus hannai in RAS 47
Fig. 19. Effects of formulated feed, kelp, sea-mustard, and their mixture (formulated feed/kelp, formulated feed/sea-mustard, and kelp/sea-mustard) on the growth... 48
Fig. 20. Analysis of changes in the mortality rate of hemolymph in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai by flow cytometery. (A) Formulated feed, (B) Formulated feed + Kelp,... 49
Fig. 21. Photomicrographs of digestive gland and tubule of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai according to food type. A~F: No histological alterations were observed... 49
Fig. 22. 3D X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the composition and ratio the aragonite and calcite in abalone Haliotis discus hannai shell powder fed the formulated feed,... 50
Fig. 23. pH-mineral autoregulator. (A) Diagram, (B) Solution preparation tank, (C) Supply device 50
Fig. 24. Control of pH using pH-mineral autoregulator. After September 28, the pH change was confirmed by supplying once, twice, and three times a day with... 51
Fig. 25. Medium-type recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) constructed for experimentation. (A) abalone tank design, (B) RAS operation, (C) RAS, (D) diagram of RAS 53
Fig. 26. Changes in water temperature in cage culture, inland flow-through, and recirculating aquaculture syatem (RAS) during the experimental period 55
Fig. 27. Changes in the breeding environment of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai after 24 hours of knock-out of drum screen (left) or CO₂ exchanger (right) device from RAS 57
Fig. 28. Changes in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai breeding environment over time after knock-out of skimmer or Bio-filter device from RAS 57
Fig. 29. Floating media of Bio-filter 58
Fig. 30. Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai reared on seaweed, Laver (left), Sea-mustard (center) and Kelp (right) for 8 months in RAS (←, stocking time) 61
Fig. 31. Classification of the instrumental unit for reviewing the specialized RAS for abalone. (A) Device unit, (B) Filteration unit, (C) Water tank unit 62
Fig. 32. Basic design of abalone-only RAS using Adobe illustrator and CAD program. (A) type-1(one-story buillding), (B) type-2(two-story buillding) 63
Fig. 33. Multi-layered RAS test model for abalone (based on type-1) 64
Fig. 34. Biological contamination in breeding water and tank of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) 65
Fig. 35. Infestation of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai shell boring polychaetes. (A) Inside the shell, (B) Shell cross section, and (C) Isolated polychaete 65
Fig. 36. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among 7 boring polychaetes in the shells of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, to the major lineages within the domain... 66
Fig. 37. Observation of color changes in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai germ cell in recirculating aquaculture system. (A) Female (green → purple), (B) Male (ivory → white) 67
Fig. 38. Creation and distribution of manuals 69
Fig. 39. Various types of fisheries field technical support 69