영문목차
Acknowledgments=xiii
A Note on Romanization=xvi
Abbreviations=xvii
Introduction=1
1. The Dictatorial Regime=26
The Nature of the Nanjing Regime=26
Sun Yat-sen's Conception of Political Tutelage=30
Sun Yat-sen's Democratic Thought=32
The Legacy of Sun Yat-sen's Thought=38
The Dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek=41
Chiang Kai-shek and Constitution Making=46
Conclusion=50
2. Setting the Opposition Agenda: The Issue of Human Rights, 1929-1931=51
Hu Shi's Opening Salvo=55
Luo Longji's Conception of Human Rights=58
Central Concerns of the Human Rights Group=65
Democracy and "Expertocracy"=74
Conclusion=80
3. The National Emergency, 1932-1936: Political and Intellectual Responses=82
The National Emergency Conference=86
A Critique of Wang Jingwei's Views on Political Tutelage=92
Sun Fo's Reformist Views=96
The Advocacy of Neo-dictatorship=98
Conclusion=112
4. In Defense of Democracy, 1933-1936=114
Hu Shi's Kindergarten Politics=115
Zhang Xiruo's Defense of Liberal Values=119
Other Prodemocracy Views=121
Democratization Within the Framework of Political Tutelage=126
Are Democracy and Dictatorship Mutually Exclusive?=132
Revisionist Democracy=138
Conclusion=142
5. An Abortive Democratic Experiment: The People's Political Council, 1938-1945=144
The MPGs on the Eve of the Sino-Japanese War=146
Formation of the People's Political Council=154
The Early Phase of the PPC=159
Renewed Push for Constitutionalism=166
Evaluation of the PPC=179
6. Wartime Democratic Thought=183
The GMD's Wartime Democratic Rhetoric=185
The CCP's New Democracy=188
The Democratic Thoughts of the MPGs and the Independents=190
Understanding Democracy=213
Conclusion=228
7. The Third Force Movement: The Chinese Democratic League, 1941-1945=230
Formation of the Democratic League=232
Organization and Leadership=236
Views on Democracy and the Political Platform=240
Relations with the CCP and the GMD=247
Mediation and Opposition to Civil War=255
Conclusion=259
8. "Peace, Democracy, Unification, and Reconstruction," 1946=263
The Political Consultative Conference=264
The PCC's Ultimate Failure=279
The Notion of Coalition Government=282
Mediation of the Third Force=286
Reflections on the Third Force Peace Efforts=292
9. The Last Stand of Chinese Liberalism=298
The Postwar Prodemocracy Setting=299
The Third Force Revisited=304
Where Are the Liberals Headed?=307
The Liberty-Equality Debate=317
The Socialism-Democracy Relationship=327
The Fate of Civil Opposition=331
Conclusion=334
Conclusion=337
Selected Bibliography=353
Glossary=383
Index=393