Art. 8(2)(b)(iii)-Intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of armed conflict=153

Art. 8(2)(b)(iv)-Intentionally launching an attack in the knowledge that such attack will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which would be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated=161

Art. 8(2)(b)(v)-Attacking or bombarding, by whatever means, towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended and which are not military objectives=177

Art. 8(2)(b)(vi)-Killing or wounding a combatant who, having laid down his arms or having no longer means of defence, has surrendered at discretion=185

Art. 8(2)(b)(vii)-Making improper use of a flag of truce, of the flag or of the military insignia and uniform of the enemy or of the United Nations, as well as of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions, resulting in death or serious personal injury=193

Art. 8(2)(b)(viii)-The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory=208

Art. 8(2)(b)(ix)-Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives=215

Art. 8(2)(b)(x)-Subjecting persons who are in the power of an adverse party to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the person concerned nor carried out in his or her interest, and which cause death to or seriously endanger the health of such person or persons=229

Art. 8(2)(b)(xi)-Killing or wounding treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army=240

Art. 8(2)(b)(xii)-Declaring that no quarter will be given=246

Art. 8(2)(b)(xiii)-Destroying or seizing the enemy's property unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war=249

Art. 8(2)(b)(xiv)-Declaring abolished, suspended or inadmissible in a court of law the rights and actions of the nationals of the hostile party=263

Art. 8(2)(b)(xv)-Compelling the nationals of the hostile party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country, even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the war=269

Art. 8(2)(b)(xvi)-Pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault=272

Art. 8(2)(b)(xvii)-Employing poison or poisoned weapons=281

Art. 8(2)(b)(xviii)-Employing asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids, materials or devices=285

Art. 8(2)(b)(xix)-Employing bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, such as bullets with a hard envelope which does not entirely cover the core or is pierced with incisions=292

Art. 8(2)(b)(xx)-Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare which are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering or which are inherently indiscriminate in violation of the international law of armed conflict, provided that such weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in an annex to this Statute, by an amendment in accordance with the relevant provisions set forth in articles 121 and 123=297

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxi)-Committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment=314

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxii)-Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2(f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence also constituting a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions=325

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxiii)-Utilizing the presence of a civilian or other protected person to render certain points, areas or military forces immune from military operations=344

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxiv)-Intentionally directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law=349

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxv)-Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under the Geneva Conventions=363

Art. 8(2)(b)(xxvi)-Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into the national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities=375

7. Article 8(2)(c) ICC Statute-Violations of common Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions=382

7.1. Paragraph 1 of the introduction to the war crimes section=382

7.2. Elements common to all crimes under Article 8(2)(c) ICC Statute=383

7.3. Elements of specific crimes under Art. 8(2)(c) ICC Statute=394

Art. 8(2)(c)(i)-Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture=394

Art. 8(2)(c)(ii)-Committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment=404

Art. 8(2)(c)(iii)-Taking of hostages=406

Art. 8(2)(c)(iv)-The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable=408

8. Article 8(2)(e) ICC Statute-Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character=439

8.1. Paragraph 1 of the introduction to the war crimes section=440

8.2. Elements common to all crimes under Article 8(2)(e) ICC Statute=441

8.3. Elements of specific crimes under Art. 8(2)(e) ICC Statute=443

Art. 8(2)(e)(i)-Intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities=443

Art. 8(2)(e)(ii)-Intentionally directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law=447

Art. 8(2)(e)(iii)-Intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of armed conflict=452

Art. 8(2)(e)(iv)-Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives=458

Art. 8(2)(e)(v)-Pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault=464

Art. 8(2)(e)(vi)-Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2(f), enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence also constituting a serious violation of article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions=466

Art. 8(2)(e)(vii)-Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into armed forces or groups or using them to participate actively in hostilities=470

Art. 8(2)(e)(viii)-Ordering the displacement of the civilian population for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand=472

Art. 8(2)(e)(ix)-Killing or wounding treacherously a combatant adversary=476

Art. 8(2)(e)(x)-Declaring that no quarter will be given=480

Art. 8(2)(e)(xi)-Subjecting persons who are in the power of another party to the conflict to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the person concerned nor carried out in his or her interest, and which cause death to or seriously endanger the health of such person or persons=482

Art. 8(2)(e)(xii)-Destroying or seizing the property of an adversary unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of the conflict=485

Apppendix:Request from the Governments of Belgium, Finland, Hungary, Mexico, the Republic of Korea and South Africa and the Permanent Observer Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations regarding the text prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross on the mental element in the common law and civil law systems and on the concepts of mistake of fact and mistake of law in national and international law=487

Bibliography=499

Index=504

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