영문목차
Introduction=xvii
Part One. Music Business Trends and Transformations=1
CHAPTER 1. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY IN THE 1990s=3
Industry Growth=4
Factors Relating to Growth=5
Factors Inhibiting Growth=7
Legislative Changes=8
Part Two. Record Industry Agreements and Practices=9
CHAPTER 2. RECORDING ARTISTS CONTRACTS=11
The Standard Agreement=11
Duration=12
Group Artists=14
Exclusivity=14
Recording and Release Requirements=15
Artist Royalties=16
Recording Costs=19
Recording Funds=20
Publishing Rights=20
Controlled Compositions=21
Tour Support=22
Video Rights=22
Assignment=23
Ownership and Use of Masters=23
Coupling=24
Accountings and Defaults=24
Bankruptcy=25
CHAPTER 3. CONTRACTS WITH MINORS=27
Disaffirmance of an Agreement=28
Ratification of an Agreement=28
Statutory Provisions of Contracts with Minors=28
Parents' Guarantee of Contract performance=29
CHAPTER 4. INDEPENDENT RECORD PRODUCERS=30
The Role of the Independent Record Producer=31
Label Deals and Pressing and Distribution Deals=31
Producer Royalties=32
Recording Funds=33
Production and Development Deals=34
Producer Fees=36
Music Publishing and Follow-up Rights=36
Contractual safeguards=37
CHAPTER 5. FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS=39
Royalty Provisions=39
Advances and Guarantees;Term=40
Exclusivity=41
Broadcast Performance Fees=42
Music Publishing=43
Labels=43
Release Requirements=43
Record Clubs=44
Coupling=44
Cover Recordings=44
Samples and Materials=45
Accountings and Auditing=45
Termination Procedure=46
Variations in Currency Values=46
Transmittal of Funds=47
Jurisdiction over Disputes=47
Default Classes=47
CHAPTER 6. LABOR AGREEMENTS=49
Key Labor Agreements=49
Arbitration=50
AFTRA and AFM Scale Payments=50
AFM Special Payments and Trust Funds=51
AFTRA Health and Retirement Funds=53
Retirement and Death Benefits=53
Royalty Performers=54
Contractors=55
Dubbing=56
AFM and AFTRA Scales for New Media=56
Protections against Illicit Practices=56
Domestic and Foreign Territory=58
Other Income for Artists=58
CHAPTER 7. COPYRIGHT IN SOUND RECORDING=59
Copyright Protection for Published and Unpublished Works=59
Authorship=60
Rights of the Copyright Owner=60
Copyrightable Works=61
Foreign Sound Recordings=62
Sampling=63
Master Licensing=64
Audio Home Recording Act=64
The Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act of 1995=65
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998=67
CHAPTER 8. BOOTLEGGING, PIRACY, AND COUNTERFEITING=69
Federal Legislation=70
Compulsory License for Sound Recordings=72
International Treaties Regarding Piracy=73
CHAPTER 9. RECORD COVER, LABELS, AND LINER NOTES=74
Album Titles=74
Illustrations=75
Recording Identification=76
Trademarks=76
Anticounterfeit Practices=76
Warning Stickers and Censorship Issues=77
Part Three. Music Publisher and Writer Agreements and Practices=81
CHAPTER 10. COPYRIGHT LAW IN THE UNITED STATES=83
Copyright Revision, 1790 to 1976=83
The Copyright Status of Sound Recordings=84
Common Law Copyright=84
Statutory Copyright=85
Copyright Registration=86
Registration of Published and Unpublished Works=88
The Copyright Notice=91
The Deposit of Copyrighted Works=92
Transfers of Copyright Ownership=93
Errors in the Copyright Notice=94
The Correction of Errors=95
Fair Use=95
Copyright Protection of Song Titles=97
Compulsory Mechanical License for Recordings=98
Record Rentals=99
Jukebox Public Performance Fees=99
Copyright and Cable Television Transmission=100
Licensing for Noncommercial Broadcasting=101
Satellite Carrier Compulsory License=102
CHAPTER 11. THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION=103
Term of Copyright Protection=103
The Supreme Court Decision on the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act=104
The Duration of Copyright=105
End-of-Calendar-Year Copyright Computation=106
The Duration of Copyright Protection for Joint Works=106
The Determination of Date of Death=107
Copyright Renewal=107
Termination of Transfers=109
Duration of Copyright and Protection Outside of the United States=113
CHAPTER 12. THE USES OF PUBLIC DOMAIN=114
Works in the Public Domain=115
The Purposes of Public Domain=116
Determining the Public Domain Status of Works=118
Copyright Registration of New Versions and Arrangements of Work=121
CHAPTER 13. ARRANGEMENTS AND ADAPTATIONS=123
Head Arrangements of Compositions=123
The Copyrighting of Arrangements=124
The Statutory Treatment of Arrangements=125
No Effect on Duration of Basic Work=125
Standards of Originality=126
Derivative Works=128
Sound Recording Sound-Alikes=130
The Arrangement of Works in the Public Domain=130
Foreign Treatment of Arrangements and Adaptations=131
CHAPTER 14. PERFORMING RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS=133
Performance Monies and the World economy=134
Clearing Functions=134
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)=136
Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI)=137
Society of European Stage Authors & Composers (SESAC)=137
Title Registration=138
Surveying Procedures=139
Grievance Procedures=141
Membership=142
The Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998=143
The ASCAP Payment System=144
The BMI Payment System=145
Loan Assistance=147
Insurance Plans=148
Writer Awards=149
Foreign Collections=149
Dramatic Performance Rights=151
CHAPTER 15. MECHANICAL RIGHTS=153
Parting with Possession;Returns=154
Notice of Intention=156
Compulsory License Accountings=156
Copyright Owner Identification=156
Negotiated Licenses=157
The Harry Fox Agency=157
Other U.S. Mechanical Rights Organizations=158
The Canadian Mechanical Rights Organizations=159
International Mechanical Right Societies=159
The Writer's Share of Mechanical Fees=160
Record Clubs=160
Title Use Restrictions=161
Record Rentals=161
CHAPTER 16. SONGWRITER CONTRACTS AND ROYALTY STATEMENTS=162
Duration of Copyright Assignment=162
Songwriters Guild Contracts=163
Copyright Divisibility=164
Royalty Statements=165
Recapture of Rights=165
Printed Editions=166
Sheet Music Sales=167
Mechanical Rights=167
Accountings and Audits=168
Default=169
Performance Fees=170
Assignments=171
Lyrics versus Music=171
Royalties Held in Trust Funds=172
Arbitration=173
Exclusive Writer Agreements=173
CHAPTER 17. WORKS FOR HIRE=176
Factors Determining a Work-for-Hire Relationship=177
Commissioned Works=178
Assignments of Copyright=180
Joint Work Status=180
CHAPTER 18. CO-OWNERSHIP AND JOINT ADMINISTRATION OF COPYRIGHTS=182
Registration and Notice=182
The General Rights of Co-Owners=183
The Problems of Co-Ownership=183
Synchronization Rights=184
Foreign Rights=184
Consent by Silence=185
Restrictions on Assignment=185
The Writer's Interest in Co-Ownership=185
The "Cut-In"=186
CHAPTER 19. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT=188
Proof of Access to a Copyrighted Work=188
The Use of Music in the Public Domain=189
Vicarious Liability=190
Who May Sue for Infringement=191
Civil Remedies form Infringement=191
Court Costs and Attorney Fees=193
Criminal Remedies for Infringement=194
Mechanical Right Infringement=195
Infringement by Importation=195
Copyright Registration=196
The Recordation of Copyright Transfer=197
Time Frame for Legal Actions=197
Sampling and Copyright Infringement=197
CHAPTER 20. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT PROTECTION=201
The Berne Convention=201
The Effects of Berne Adherence=202
Trade Negotiations and GATT=203
U.S. Trade Representative=204
Geneva Phonogram Convention=204
WIPO Treaties=204
CHAPTER 21. FOREIGN PUBLISHING=206
The World Market for Music=207
Representation by Subpublishers=208
Foreign Performing Rights Societies=208
Foreign Mechanical Licensing=209
Synchronization Fees=211
Printed Editions=212
Local Lyrics and Versions=212
Local Writer Royalties=212
Copyright and Term of Rights=213
Fees from All Usage, Accounting, and Audits=214
Subpublication for Diverse Territories=215
The European Union=217
Default Clauses=217
Jurisdiction over Disputes=218
Catalog Agreements=218
Local Firms=218
Joint Firms=219
The Termination of Joint Ownership=220
CHAPTER 22. THE WRITER AS PUBLISHER=222
Writer-Publisher Joint Firms=223
Self-Publishing=223
Sources of Copyrights for the Self-Publisher=225
CHAPTER 23. MUSIC FOR MOTION PICTURES=226
Rights Required for Films=227
Employee-for-Hire Agreements=227
Synchronization and Performance Licenses=228
Licensing Agents and Research Firms=229
Videos and DVDs=230
Music Publishing Rights=231
Recording Artist Royalties=231
Soundtrack Album Contracts with Record Companies=232
Component Parts of Films=233
Performances in Europe=233
CHAPTER 24. LICENSING RECORDINGS FOR MOTION PICTURES=235
The Protection of Recordings=235
The Consent of the Music Publisher=236
Union Reuse Fees=236
Artist Contract Restrictions=237
Soundtrack Albums=237
CHAPTER 25. MUSIC FOR THE THEATER=238
The Rights of Producers and Writers=238
Original-Cast Albums=241
Subsidiary Rights=241
American Production Abroad=242
Writing a Show=243
Music in Dramatic Shows=243
Investment in Musical Theater=244
Sources of Investment=246
AFM Union Scale=246
CHAPTER 26. COMMERCIAL JINGLES=247
Uses of Music in Commercial Jingles=247
Payments for Music Used in Commercials=248
Negotiations for Licensing Fees=250
Warranties and Indemnities=251
The Packaging of Jingles=252
Payments to Singers and Instrumentalists=253
The Simulation of an Artist's Style in Jingles=253
CHAPTER 27. BUYING AND SELLING MUSIC PUBLISHING COMPANIES AND RECORD COMPANIES=255
THE BUYING AND SELLING OF CATALOGS=255
Large Catalogs=256
Factors to Consider=257
Smaller Catalogs=258
Sources of Individual Copyrights=258
Renewal and Reversion Rights=259
The Purchase of Assets or Stock=260
The Price of Purchasing a Copyright=261
Users of Copyrights=262
Capital Gains=263
Due Diligence=263
BUYING AND SELLING RECORD COMPANIES AND MASTERS=265
Consolidation=265
Factors to Consider=267
Due Diligence=268
CHAPTER 28. LOANS TO MUSIC PUBLISHERS=271
The Special Risks in Loans to Music Publishers=272
The Amount of a Loan=273
Copyright Search Report=274
The Recordation of Loans in the Copyright Office=275
The Recordation of Loans in Local Jurisdictions=276
Sale of Property upon Default=277
Exclusive State Recordation for Certain Rights=277
Exclusive Writer Contracts=277
Conditions on the Administration of a Loan=278
Outstanding Advances at the Time of a Loan=279
The Appraiser's Report and Representation of the Borrower=280
The Bankruptcy of the Borrower=281
CHAPTER 29. PRINTED MUSIC=283
Writer Royalties=285
Print Publishers=285
Specialty Folios=286
Notice of Copyright=287
Fakebooks=287
Return Privileges and Reserves=288
Discounts=288
Subpublishing Deals=289
The Internet:Digital Sales and Distribution=289
Part Four. Other Aspects of the Music Business=291
CHAPTER 30. PRIVACY AND PUBLICITY RIGHTS=293
The Right of privacy=293
The Right of Publicity=295
The Use of Name or Likeness for Trade or Advertising=296
Privacy Contract Clauses=297
Works in the Public Domain=298
Remedies for the Invasion of Privacy=299
CHAPTER 31. THE PROTECTION OF IDEAS AND TITLES=300
Compensation for Ideas=300
Issues of Concreteness and Originality=301
The Consideration of Unsolicited Ideas=302
The Use of Titles=302
CHAPTER 32. NAMES AND TRADEMARKS=304
Copyrightability=305
Trademarks and Service Marks=305
Differentiating Between Copyrights and Trademarks=305
The Selection of a Name=307
Prior and Conflicting Company Names and Marks=308
Search Organizations and Services=308
Trademark and Name Infringement=309
Names of Artists=311
The Registration of Names=312
The Registration of Marks=312
The Advantages of Registration=314
Trademark Registration at Home and Abroad=315
The Ownership of Rights in an Artist's Name=315
A Record Company's Rights in a Name=316
Group Members' Rights in a Name=316
Doing Business Under an Assumed Name=317
CHAPTER 33. AGENTS AND MANAGERS=318
The Roles of Agents and Managers=318
Exclusive Representation=320
The Management Contract=320
Abuses by Agents and Managers=323
Regulation of Agents and Managers=323
Trade Organizations for Personal Managers=324
Competition for personal Managers=325
Relationships Between Artists and Personal Representatives=327
Notices and Payments=328
CHAPTER 34. TAXATION IN THE MUSIC BUSINESS=329
Capital Gains=329
Estate and Gift Taxes=331
Depreciation and Amortization=332
Tax Treatment of Record Masters=333
Charitable Contributions=335
Deductions for Home Used as Office or Studio=335
Shifting Taxable Income to persons in Lower Tax Brackets=336
Shifting Income from One Year to other Years=337
Deferral of Income Through Retirement Plans=338
The Tax Implications of Type of Business Organization=341
Royalties as Income=343
Foreign Royalties Subject Only to U.S. Tax=343
Retention of Tax-Related Documents=343
Audit Procedures=344
CHAPTER 35. RECORD CLUBS AND PREMIUMS=346
Membership Plans=346
Outside-Label Agreements=347
Artist Royalties=348
Foreign Record Clubs=348
Mechanical License Fees=349
Premiums=349
CHAPTER 36. MUSIC VIDEOS=351
Video Technology=352
Video Licensing=353
Audiovisual Rights=354
Production Costs and Their Recoupment=356
Musical Composition Licenses=357
Trade Paper Coverage of Music Videos=358
CHAPTER 37. DEMONSTRATION RECORDS IN THE ELECTRONIC AGE=359
Production Methods=359
Doing It Yourself=361
Cost Factors=362
The Assumption of Demo Expenses=362
Subsidized Demos=363
The Submission of Demos=364
The Independent Demo=365
CHAPTER 38. PAYOLA=366
The Incentive to Engage in Payola=366
Commercial Bribery=367
Publishing Interests and Payola=367
Payola and Trade Papers=368
How Payola Works=368
CHAPTER 39. TRADE PRACTICE REGULATIONS=372
Discriminatory Price Differential Practices=372
Proportional Equality in Advertising, promotional Allowances, or Facilities=374
Price Fixing, Tie-in Sales, and Other Deceptive Practices=374
Sound-Alike Recordings=375
CHAPTER 40. WORK PERMITS FOR FOREIGN ARTISTS=377
Types of Work Visas=377
The Proper Petitioner and petitions=378
Types of petitions and Accompanying Documents=379
Where to File Petitions=381
Artist's or Group's Accompanying Personnel=382
Rejection and the Right of Appeal=382
Union Comity=383
Multiple Entries into the United States plus Extensions=384
Taxation=384
CHAPTER 41. SOURCES OF INFORMATION=386
Trade Press=386
Government Institutions=391
Music Organizations=394
Professional Research Services=395
Reference Materials=396
International Trade Shows and Associations=396
CHAPTER 42. TECHNOLOGY AND MUSIC=398
The Market for Internet Music=399
Starting Your own Music Web Site=400
Downloading Music and Video Files via the Internet=401
Streaming=403
The Record Companies and the Internet=404
Satellite Radio=405
Security on the Internet=406
Policing the Internet=406
Internet Effect on Performance Rights Organization=408
Copyright Legislation=409
Sound Quality=411
Licensing Issues=411
The Future=412
APPENDIX=415
Appendix A. Selected Excerpts from the Copyright Act=415
Appendix B. Music Industry Organizations=478
Appendix C. Contract Checklists=498
Demo Shopping Agreement=499
Demo Subsidy Deal=500
Distribution Agreement=501
Exclusive Artist Agreement=503
Exclusive Songwriter Contract=505
Foreign Subpublishing Agreement=506
Home Video/DVD Song Reproduction=507
Live Concert Appearances=508
Master Use License for Film or TV Show=509
Mechanical Reproduction License=510
personal Manager Agreement=511
Single-Song Contract=512
INDEX=513