영문목차
PREFACE=xi
1. INTRODUCTION:WHY KEEP SCORE?=1
Users of this Book=2
Scorekeeping=3
Definition of Accounting=3
Limitations of Accounting Information=6
Audiences for Accounting Information=7
Different Messages for Different Audiences=9
Accounting in the World of Business=10
Accounting in Nonprofit and Governmental Organizations=11
Useful Nonaccounting Information=11
Importance of Personal Motivations=12
Summary=13
New Terms=14
Exercises=14
2. Accounting Framework:The Concept of Value=17
Accounting Equation=17
How Is Owners' Equity Created?=19
Valuation Methods=20
Valuing a Loan or Note=21
Valuing Common Stock Securities=23
Calculating Time-Adjusted Values=24
Valuing Personal and Company Assets=25
Choosing Among Valuation Methods=31
Challenge of Alternative Valuation Methods=33
Dominance of the Cost Value Method=34
Summary=35
New Terms=36
Appendix 2A:Interest Tables for Calculating Time-Adjusted Values(Present Worth)=36
Exercises=42
3. Financial Position:The Balance Sheet=46
Key Accounting Reports=46
Features of the Balance Sheet=47
More Accounting Definitions and Conventions=52
Summary=58
New Terms=59
Exercises=60
4. Financial Performance:The Income Statement=65
Definition of Revenue, Sales, and Expenses=66
Statement Formal=67
Recording Sales Transactions=68
Operating Expenses=70
Accounting Period=72
When Is Income Earned and When Are Expenses Incurred?=75
Accrual Concept=76
Example:Accounting for a Full Period=77
Summary=83
New Terms=83
Exercises=84
5. Cash Flow Statement=91
Why a Cash Flow Statement?=91
Sources and Uses of Cash=92
Example:Metcalfe Company=94
Interpretation=99
Other Examples=100
Summary=101
New Terms=102
Exercises=103
6. Principles, Rules, and Mechanics of Financial Accounting=107
A Brief Review=107
Principles=108
Specific Rules=111
Role of the CPA Auditor=113
How Good Are These Principles and Rules?=115
Income Taxes and Accounting Rules=116
Accounting Mechanics=116
Chart of Accounts=117
Three Key Elements of Accounting Systems=119
Accounting Cycle=125
Summary=126
New Terms=127
Exercises=129
7. Further Refinements in Valuation=132
Prepaids and Accruals=133
Reminder:Principle of Materiality=136
Liabilities Created by Today's Operations=137
Accounting for Accounts Receivable=139
Accounting for Inventory=143
Accounting for Price-Level Changes=148
Accounting for Currency Fluctuations=150
Exceptions to the Accrual Concept and the Realization Principle=152
Summary=152
New Terms=154
Exercises=156
8. Accounting for Long-Term Assets=162
Valuing Fixed Assets=163
Income Tax Considerations=172
Accounting for Other Long-Term Assets=175
Summary=178
New Terms=179
Exercises=180
9. What Can Financial Statements Tell Us?=184
Ratio Analysis=185
Categories of Ratios=185
Interpreting Ratios=206
Linkage Among Operating Ratios=209
Summary=211
New Terms=212
Exercises=215
10. Accounting and Financial Markets=221
Types of Securities=222
Markets=228
Investment Ratios=232
Interpreting Investment Ratios=235
Designing a Capital Structure=236
Upside and Downside of Debt Leverage=238
Introduction to the Cost of Capital=239
Summary=242
New Terms=243
Exercises=245
11. Digging Deeper=249
Framework for Financial Statement Analysis=249
"Cooking the Books"=253
Summary=262
New Terms=263
Exercises=264
12. Financial Markets and Capital Investment Decisions=267
Concept of a "Hurdle Rate"=267
Weighted-Average Cost of Capital=268
Calculating Returns=270
Decision Criteria=276
Some Everyday Applications of These Techniques=282
Adjusting for Risk=284
Adjusting for Inflation=287
Summary=288
New Terms=288
Exercises=289
13. Analyzing Manufacturing Costs:Introduction to Cost Accounting=294
What Questions? Why? For Whom?=295
Reminder:Product and Period Expenses=296
Understanding the Cost of Goods Sold=297
Challenge:Accounting for Indirect Costs=302
Historical Perspective=307
Activity-Based Costing=312
Costing Joint Products and By-products=316
Cost Accounting in Other Functions and Industries=316
Summary=318
New Terms=320
Appendix 13A:Variable and Full-Absorption Costing=322
Appendix 13B:Standard Cost Accounting=332
Exercises-Appendix 13A=345
Exercises-Appendix 13B=346
14. Analyzing Other Operating Costs and Decisions=348
Examples of Operating Decisions=349
Importance of Framing Alternatives=349
Differential Cash Flows=351
Recap of Fixed and Variable Costs=352
Pervasiveness of Fixed Costs=353
Challenges in Determining Differential Cash Flows=355
Interrelationships Among Volume, Price, Cost, and Profit=362
Operating Leverage=369
Summary=371
New Terms=371
Exercises=372
15. Budgeting and Forecasting=377
Guidelines for Budgeting=377
Responsibility Accounting=382
Recap of the Reasons to Budget=383
Analyzing Performance:Budget Versus Actual=384
Interpreting Variance Balances=386
Flexible Budgeting=387
Human Behavior Considerations=390
Other Types of Budgets=393
Pro Forma Financial Statements=393
Cash Budgeting=405
Summary=405
New Terms=408
Exercises=409
INDEX=413