목차
Introduction: Artificiality, Identity, Dictatorship
and State-Building 1
Four Key Debates 2
Analytical Theme 4
Book Outline 6
1 Legacies of Civilizations and Empires 10
Ancient Civilizations 11
The Islamic Conquest 17
The Arrival of the Ottoman Empire 23
2 State Formation, Monarchy and Mandate,
1918-1932 26
The Artificiality Debate 26
The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire 30
Planning the Carve-Up 33
Occupation and Uprising 36
The Cairo Conference 43
The New State and Enduring Pathologies 46
The End of the Mandate 49
3 Conceptualizing Political Mobilization in Iraq 51
The Identity Debate 52
Nationalism 55
The Sunni-Shici Divide 57
The Kurds 62
Turkmens and Assyrians 70
Identity and the State 74
4 From Authoritarian to Total itarian State,
1958-1979 75
The Dictator Debate 76
The Military in Political Life 81
The Role of the Military and the Communalization of
Political Life 85
The Intensification of Anti-Imperialist Sentiment 88
Towards Totalitarianism 92
The Totalitarian State 96
5 Iraq at War, 1979-1989 99
History of Iran-Iraq Relations 100
The Kurdish War 103
The Decline into War with Iran 106
Iraq Advances 109
Iran Counterattacks 111
The Kurdish Threat 112
The Tanker War 116
The Political and Economic Impact on Iraq 118
Towards Kuwait 120
6 The Pariah State, 1989-2003 123
Towards War 124
The I nvasion of Kuwait 126
Operation Desert Storm 128
The Uprisings 131
The Coalescing of Opposition Movements 136
Sanctions on Iraq 138
The Arrival of the Inspectors 141
Defection 143
The Failed Coups 143
The Opposition Defeated and Kurdistan Divided 147
Oil for Food 148
Sanctions Busting 150
Hide-and-Seek with UNSCOM 151
Towards Invasion 154
State and Society on the Eve of the Invasion of Iraq 156
7 Regime Change, 2003 159
The State-Building and Democratization Debate 160
Operation Iraqi Freedom 163
The Chaotic Devolution of Political Authority 165
The Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraqi
Governing Council 167
The Transitional Administrative Law 173
The Iraqi Interim Government 175
Shici Rebellion and Sunni Insurgencies 176
January 2005 Elections 182
Constitutional Negotiations 184
The Referendum 185
December 2005 Elections 187
Staring into the Abyss 189
Conclusion: The Passing of Thresholds? 192
Making Sense of the Debates 192
The Government of Nouri al-Maliki 199
The Passing of Thresholds 202
Epilogue 205
Notes 209
Chronology 221
Internet Links 229
Bibliography 232
Index 249