목차
Preface xiii
Introduction: Framing the Problem of National Security 1
The Nature of Change 2
How Much Has Changed? 2
New Dynamics in the Environment? 4
Globalization and Geopolitics 10
Conclusions: Quo Vadis? 11
Selected Bibliography 12
PART I THE CONTEXT 15
CHAPTER 1 Fault Lines: World Politics in a New Millennium 17
The First Fault Line: The World a Decade After the Cold War 20
Undeniable Benefits 22
Debatable Changes 24
The Second Fault Line: The World After September 11 28
AMPLIFICATION 1.1: The Rules of War: Who is a POW? 31
Dynamics of the New International System 33
Globalization and/or Geopolitics 33
AMPLIFICATION 1.2: System Changes and Continuity: 1900 and 2000 35
The American Role in the New World System 36
What Should the United States Do? 38
CHALLENGE!: Your Own Personal Inventory 43
Conclusion: The Continuing Role of Force 44
Selected Bibliography 45
CHAPTER 2 Geopolitics: America and the Realist Paradigm 47
Realism and the Realist Paradigm 50
Basic Concepts and Relationships 51
Sovereignty 52
Vital Interests 53
AMPLIFICATION 2.1: Finding the Boundary Between Vital and Less-Than-Vital Interests 55
Power Politics 56
CHALLENGE!: Justifying the U.S. Invasion of Iraq 57
AMPLIFICATION 2.2: Measuring Power 59
Paradigm Summary 61
Critiques and Anomalies of the Realist Paradigm 62
Critiques 63
AMPLIFICATION 2.3: The Limits of Power: Dealing with Saddam 64
Anomalies 68
Conclusion: The Realist Paradigm Today 70
Selected Bibliography 72
CHAPTER 3 The American Experience 73
Conditioning Factors in the American Tradition 74
American Ahistoricism 74
Accident of Geography 76
The Anglo-Saxon Heritage 77
AMPLIFICATION 3.1: Dealing with Dependence on Persian Gulf Oil 78
Evolution of the American Experience 79
The Formative Period, 1789-1945 79
Antimilitary Bias 80
The Citizen-Soldier 81
The Myth of Invincibility 82
Mobilization and Demobilization 83
AMPLIFICATION 3.2: Readiness and Pearl Harbor 83
Total War Preference 84
The Cold War: 1945-1989 85
The Role of the Media 87
AMPLIFICATION 3.3: The Media and the Iraq War 90
The Impact of Democratic Institutions 91
Conclusion: The Contemporary Period, 1989 to Present 92
CHALLENGE!: How Much Has Changed? 94
Selected Bibliography 94
CHAPTER 4 The Nature and End of the Cold War 96
The Cold War System 98
Characteristics 100
AMPLIFICATION 4.1: Better Dead than Red? Better Red than Dead? 102
Sources of Change 103
Forms of Military Competition 105
Conventional Forces 106
Nuclear Forces 109
AMPLIFICATION 4.2: The Capitalist Bomb 111
Deadlock of the Competition 112
The Economic Dimension 112
The Military Dimension 114
Convergence 115
Cold War Residues 117
Russia and the Successor States 117
The European Security Problem 119
AMPLIFICATION 4.3: Chechnya and the Pipeline 120
CHALLENGE!: The Former Soviet Union and the War on Terrorism 121
Conclusion: The End of the Cold War in Perspective 123
Selected Bibliography 124
CHAPTER 5 The Rise of Globalization 125
The Bretton Woods System, 1945-1971 127
The Setting 127
The Bretton Woods Institutions 129
AMPLIFICATION 5.1: The ITO and the Anti?ree Traders 131
The Breakdown of Bretton Woods 133
The Transitional Period, 1971-1990 134
American Decline 135
AMPLIFICATION 5.2: The Declinist Thesis 136
American Revival 137
The Globalizing Economy, 1990?resent 139
Characteristics and Values 140
CHALLENGE!: How Important Are a Balanced Budget and Free Trade? 143
The Mechanisms of Globalization 144
New Additions in the National Security Agenda 147
Barriers and Objections to Globalization 150
AMPLIFICATION 5.3: The Rejectionists 151
Conclusion: Globalization and American Security 152
Selected Bibliography 154
PART II THE CHANGING WORLD 157
CHAPTER 6 Security, Interests, and Power 159
Thinking about Security 160
Military and Nonmilitary Elements of Security 161
CHALLENGE!: Defining Terrorism as a Security Threat 163
AMPLIFICATION 6.1: Israel, Syria, the Golan Heights, and Water 164
Levels of Security 166
Risk and Risk Management 168
AMPLIFICATION 6.2: What Should the United States Do about North Korea? 169
Thinking about Interests 171
Levels of Interests 171
Security and Interests in the Contemporary Environment 175
Applying Instruments of Power 177
Using the Instruments 178
The Contemporary Balance of Instruments of Power 179
Conclusion: The Changing Nature of Influence 181
Selected Bibliography 183
CHAPTER 7 The Foreign and Domestic Environments 184
Competing Images of the International Environment 185
Kaplan: The Coming Anarchy 186
Friedman: Globalization 188
The Impact of Domestic Politics 190
The Executive Branch 192
AMPLIFICATION 7.1: The President, the Constitution, and National Security 193
The Congress 199
AMPLIFICATION 7.2: The Congress, the Constitution, and National Security 200
Applications: The Homeland Security Response to the Environment 204
The Department of Homeland Security 205
Background and Evolution 205
The Homeland Security Response to September 11 207
Ongoing Problems and Controversies 210
AMPLIFICATION 7.3: Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission 212
CHALLENGE!: The 'Angry Librarians" and Civil Liberties 213
Conclusion: The Environment Since September 11, 2001 214
Selected Bibliography 214
CHAPTER 8 Traditional Military Problems 216
Nuclear Forces and Deterrence 218
Seminal Events of the Nuclear Age 218
Theories of Deterrence 221
Nuclear Residues 223
AMPLIFICATION 8.1: The China Threat 226
Conventional Forces and the Future 229
Traditional Roles 229
AMPLIFICATION 8.2: Light and Heavy Forces? 232
Traditional Residues 233
Military Manpower 233
CHALLENGE!: Military Service after Iraq 235
Military Reform 236
AMPLIFICATION 8.3: Creighton Abrams and the Role of the Reserves 239
Conclusion: The Continuing Relevance of Traditional Forces 241
Selected Bibliography 243
PART III NEW CHALLENGES 245
CHAPTER 9 Asymmetrical Warfare: The "New Kind of War" 247
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Warfare 250
Evolution of Asymmetrical Warfare 251
AMPLIFICATION 9.1: Sun Tzu on Asymmetrical Warfare 252
The Contemporary Setting 254
Asymmetrical Futures? 261
Fourth-Generation Warfare 261
New Internal Wars 265
AMPLIFICATION 9.2: The "Battle" for Sierra Leone 266
Conclusion: New Form or New Face of War? 269
CHALLENGE: Is There a New Kind of War? 271
Selected Bibliography 272
CHAPTER 10 Terrorism 273
Defining Terrorism 275
Terrorist Acts 276
Terrorist Targets 279
AMPLIFICATION 10.1: The Morality of Saving Targets 281
Terrorist Objectives 282
Perspectives on and Causes of Terrorism 284
Three Perspectives 284
Three Causes 286
AMPLIFICATION 10.2: Profiling Suicide Terrorists 288
Terrorism Since September 11 292
The GWOT: Dealing with Terrorism 292
Terrorism Suppression: Antiterrorism and Counterterrorism 290
International versus National Efforts 297
Other Aspects of the Problem 298
Conclusion: A Terrorism Strategy? 299
CHALLENGE!: Terrorism and You 302
Selected Bibliography 302
CHAPTER 11 Peacekeeping and State-Building: The New Dilemma 304
Failed and Failing States: The Context 308
What Is a Failed State? 308
AMPLIFICATION 11.1: Indonesia as a Potentially Failing State 310
Concepts and Forms of Intervention 314
Basic Distinctions 316
Peacekeeping 318
AMPLIFICATION 11.2: The Talk-Shoot Relationship in Peacekeeping 321
State-Building 322
AMPLIFICATION 11.3: KFOR and UNMIK 328
CHALLENGE!: What Should We Do in Afghanistan? 330
Conclusion: The New World Order? 331
Selected Bibliography 333
CHAPTER 12 The Geopolitics of Globalization 334
Globalization as a Geopolitical Phenomenon 335
AMPLIFICATION 12.1: China, Taiwan, Guns, and Butter 337
Globalization and the American Decade of the 1990's 338
Challenges to American Leadership from the 1990's 340
AMPLIFICATION 12.2: Globalized Geopolitics in a Flattened World 342
The Impact of September 11, 2001 343
Globalization and Terrorism 344
Short-Term Incompatibilities 346
Long-Term Compatibilities 350
AMPLIFICATION 12.3: The Israeli Campaign against Palestinian Terrorism 353
The Case of Afghanistan 354
Conclusion: Reconciling Globalization and Terrorism 357
CHALLENGE!: Will Globalization Really Work? 359
Selected Bibliography 359
PART IV THE FUTURE 361
CHAPTER 13 Globalization and Geopolitics 363
The Future of Geopolitics and Traditional National Security 365
AMPLIFICATION 13.1: The SECDEF on Future Force 366
The Future of Globalization 371
Where Globalization and Geopolitics Meet 375
AMPLIFICATION 13.2: Terrorism and Globalization 377
Conclusion: What Makes Us Secure? What Makes Us Prosperous? 380
CHALLENGE!: Visions of the Violent Future 382
Selected Bibliography 383
Index 385