영문목차
List of figures=x
List of tables=xii
Preface and acknowledgments=xv
Part I. Theory and methods
1. The transformative power of globalization and the structure of political conflict in Western Europe / Edgar Grande ; Hanspeter Kriesi=3
Introduction=3
The theoretical framework : an extended and dynamic concept of cleavage formation=8
The structural potential of the new political conflicts=12
The political articulation of the new structural conflicts=16
Two logics of globalization conflicts=16
Four cleavage coalitions=20
Contexts for articulating new political conflicts=23
The national context=23
The interplay of national and European contexts=25
Linking the different arenas : parry politics, protest politics, and public debates=27
Plan of the book=31
2. Exploring the new cleavage across arenas and public debates : design and methods / Martin Dolezal ; Swen Hutter ; Bruno Wüest=36
Introduction=36
Selection of countries and time periods=37
Data collection : sampling and coding newspaper articles=39
Selection of newspapers=40
The core-sentence approach=41
Coding protest politics=45
Data analysis strategies=49
Categorizing actors and issues=50
Measures : position, salience, and conflict intensity=55
Multidimensional scaling : an empirical response to our critics=58
Summary=60
Appendix 2A. An empirical response to our critics=61
Part II. The development of the 'integration-demarcation' cleavage
3. Participation and party choice : comparing the demand side of the new cleavage across arenas / Martin Dolezal ; Swen Hutter=67
Introduction=67
The structure of the demand space in the 2000s=69
Political participation : explaining turnout and protest participation=73
The impact of socio-structural characteristics on participation=77
The impact of issue positions on participation=79
Party choice in national and European elections=86
Conclusion=93
4. Restructuring the national political space : the supply side of national electoral politics / Hanspeter Kriesi=96
Introduction=96
The overall structure of the national political space in Western Europe=97
The structure of the national political space in the six countries=103
Positions, salience, and polarization at the system level=108
Positions=108
Salience=109
Polarization=113
Salience and position at the party level=120
Conclusion=123
Appendix 4A. Dimensionality of the political space=125
5. Restructuring the European political space : the supply side of European electoral politics / Martin Dolezal=127
Introduction=127
European elections : from 'second-order' to a battleground of the new cleavage?=129
European election campaigns : definition and relative importance=132
European elections : issue salience, conflict intensity, and the positions of parties=134
Conclusion=149
6. Restructuring protest politics : the terrain of cultural winners / Swen Hutter=151
Introduction=151
General and country-specific expectations=152
Conflict intensity in the arena of protest politics=155
Issues of protest politics=158
The return of economics in the realm of cultural issues=160
The terrain of cultural winners' positions=163
New cultural and economic issues?=165
The specific issues, seen comparatively=171
The impact of (new) issues on transnationalization and action repertoires=173
Conclusion=177
Appendix 6A. Classification of protest issues=179
Appendix 6B. Salience of all issues by decade and country in the protest arena=180
7. Congruence, counterweight, or different logics? Comparing electoral and protest politics / Swen Hutter=182
Introduction=182
Patterns of change : new cultural issues across arenas=183
Three theses on the relationship between electoral and protest politics=189
Different logics at work? Tracing the salience of issue positions across arenas=192
Different logics at work? Political parties in electoral and protest politics=194
The populist radical right as the driving force of change=198
Conclusion=202
Part III. Public debates : the articulation of the new cleavage in detail
8. The impact of arenas in public debates over globalization / Marc Helbling ; Dominic Höglinger ; Bruno Wüest=207
Introduction=207
The importance of political arenas=211
The standing of political actors across arenas=216
The articulation of the new cleavage in different arenas and debates=220
Conclusion=225
Appendix 8A. Opposing, ambivalent, and supporting actors in comparison=228
9. Culture versus economy : the framing of public debates over issues related to globalization / Dominic Höglinger ; Bruno Wüest ; Marc Helbling=229
Opening the 'black boxes'―the multi-faceted structure of the globalization debates=231
Immigration sub-issues=233
Economic liberalization sub-issues=234
European integration sub-issues=235
Framing the globalization cleavage=237
The impact of the cultural and the economic logic=239
The frames preferred by different types of actors=243
Framing opposition and support of denationalization=249
Conclusion=251
10. Actor configurations in the public debates on globalization / Bruno Wüest ; Marc Helbling ; Dominic Höglinger=254
Introduction=254
Positions taken by the actors in the debates=254
Cleavage coalitions and the dimensionality of globalization debates=261
The coalitions' core beliefs=268
Conclusion=271
Part IV. Conclusion
11. Conclusion : how much change can we observe and what does it mean? / Edgar Grande=277
The main argument : restructuring political conflict=277
Is there a new cleavage and how stable is it?=279
How relevant are political parties and the electoral arena to organizing the new cleavage?=284
How national is the new cleavage?=287
Political dynamics, competing frames, conflicting cleavage coalitions=292
How does the new cleavage affect the intensity of political conflict?=297
The paradox of globalization conflicts : transformative change and structural stability=299
References=302
Index=343
1.1. Overview of the propositions=32
2.1. Arena-specific and debate-specific periods of observation=38
2.2. Selected newspapers for the content analyses=40
2.3. Categorization of actors : general categories=50
2.4. Categorization of actors : party families(selection of important parties)=52
2.5. Categorization of issues=54
3.1. The structure of citizens' attitudes(2002-07)=70
3.2. Participation in electoral and protest politics(2002-07)=75
3.3. The impact of issue positions on participation in national and European elections in 2004=82
3.4. The impact of issue positions on participation in national elections and demonstrations(2002-07)=83
3.5. The impact of attitudes to Europe on party choice in national and European elections=87
3.6. The impact of issue positions towards Europe on voting probabilities in national and European elections(country means)=88
3.7. The impact of issue positions on party choice in national elections=90
3.8. The impact of issue positions on voting probabilities in national elections(country means)=91
4.1. Overall issue salience by decade : percentages=110
4.2. Issue classification in terms of salience and polarization=119
5.1. Salience of economic and cultural issues, 1994 and 2004(percentage of all issue positions)=135
5.2. Specific European issues : relative salience(percentage) and degree of polarization=140
5.3. Explaining positions on deepening and enlargement in 1994 and 2004 : OLS regressions(unstandardized coefficients, standard errors, and levels of significance)=144
6.1. Logistic regressions of addressee and action form on protest issues and actor types(unstandardized coefficients)=175
7.1. Salience of Europe/immigration by arena and decade(percentages)=184
7.2. The expected relationship between electoral and protest politics=191
7.3. The relation of electoral and protest politics across decades=193
7.4. Impact of party group and electoral strength on presence in protest politics=197
8.1. Contribution of political arenas to public debates over globalization(percentages)=212
8.2. Standing of political actors in arenas(percentages)=217
9.1. The sub-issues of the three globalization debates=232
9.2. Typology of the frames=238
9.3. The framing of the three globalization debates=240
9.4. The framing of the sub-issues of the three globalization debates=242
9.5. How the different political actors frame globalization=245
10.1. Actor positions by sub-issue and country=256
10.2. OLS regression of actors' positions on denationalization in public debates, overall and by cultural and economic sub-issues=257
10.3. The influence of coalitions, debates, and countries on the use of frames=270
1.1. The four coalitions in the two-dimensional space=22
2.1. Combination of protest data sets=49
3.1. Mean locations of educational levels and social classes(2002-07)=72
3.2. Impact of education on participation in the electoral and protest arenas=78
3.3. Impact of the new class cleavage on participation in the national electoral and protest arenas=79
3.4. Spatial positions of participants in national elections and protest politics(2002-07)=85
4.1. Overall configurations by decade : MDS analyses=99
4.2. Country-specific configurations for the 2000s : MDS analyses=104
4.3. Issue salience by country : economic versus cultural issues=112
4.4. Overall levels of polarization by country and decade=114
4.5. Issue-specific levels of polarization by country and decade=117
4.6. Issue position by party family and decade : averages=122
5.1. The rising importance of European issues=136
5.2. The dominance of constitutive issues in European Parliament election campaigns=139
5.3. Configuration of parties and constitutive issues in the 1994 campaign=147
5.4. Configuration of parties and constitutive issues in the 2004 campaign=148
6.1. Participants in protest politics per million inhabitants, 1975-2005=156
6.2. Development of mobilization levels in protest politics=157
6.3. Salience of cultural and economic issues by decade=161
6.4. Salience of cultural and economic issues by decade and country=162
6.5. Positions on economic and cultural issues by decade=164
6.6. Salience of specific issues(1975-2005)=165
6.7. Salience of cultural liberalism, anti-immigration, and Europe by decade=168
6.8. Positions on cultural liberalism and anti-immigration by decade=169
6.9. Salience of global justice, welfare, and economic(rest) by decade=171
7.1. Positions on new cultural issues by arena=187
7.2. Presence of party groups by arena=196
7.3. Issue salience by party group and arena=199
7.4. Issue positions by party group and arena=200
7.5. Party groups in a West European protest space, 1975-2005=201
8.1. Support of and opposition to denationalization=222
8.2. Party positions=224
9.1. Frame average position on immigration, economic liberalization, and European integration=250
10.1. Overall configuration of the three globalization debates : MDS analysis=265