영문목차
Preface=xiii
Author Biographies=xvii
Acknowledgments=xix
1. History, Aims, and Methods of Public Health=1
Definitions of Health=2
A Brief History of Public Health=3
Defining the Magnitude of the Problem=6
Determining the Causes, Risks, Protective Factors, and Population Affected=8
Safe Environments=9
Occupation and Disease=9
Theories about Cause=10
Develop, Implement, and Evaluate Prevention Programs=12
Sanitation, Hygiene, and Health=12
Enhanced Immunity=14
Nutrition=16
Prudent and Accessible Health Care=18
The Modern History of Public Health=22
Disciplines in Public Health=24
Conclusion=25
2. Ecology and Public Health―The Science Base=26
Biological Environment=26
Physical Environment=29
Social Environment=31
Measuring Health=33
Health Information Systems=34
Evidence-Based Public Health=34
Standards of Evidence=34
Aim of Evidence-Based Practice=36
Community-Based Participatory Research=38
Competencies in Public Health=38
Conclusion=40
3. Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Public Health=54
Ethical Theory=55
Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Article 25=56
Ethical Guidelines=58
Quarantine and Emergency Preparedness=60
Ethics and Environmental Health=62
Environmental Ethics=65
Mandatory or Voluntary Consent for Newborn Screening=66
Public Health Genomics=67
Moral and Political Responsibility for Childhood Obesity=68
Triage in Public Health Emergencies=69
Conclusion=70
4. Community Foundations of Public Health=73
What Are Communities?=73
Why "Community Health"?=74
How Does Community Health Differ from Public Health and Hospital Services?=76
Nongovernmental Organizations and Voluntarism as a Community Force=77
Community-Based Health Services=78
New Trends in Organizational Forms and Functions-Shifting Sands=81
Community Health as a Vital Ingredient in Health Reform=82
Fundamentals of Community Health-A Synthesis=87
Planning to Involve Communities=88
The Social-Ecological Model of Relationships=89
Involving Communities in Their Health-Selected Case Studies=91
The Importance of Leadership=101
Scaling Up : When Does It Apply, and How Can We Do It?=102
Sustainable Communities=103
Acknowledging Community Development―a Legacy=105
5. Assessing Population Health=106
Demography, Health Situation Analysis, and Public Health Surveillance=106
Role of Demography in Population Health=107
Population Pyramids=108
Selected Demographic Case Studies=113
Case Study #1 : Shifts in Sex Ratios in Asia=113
Case Study #2 : Changing Ethnic Composition in the United States=115
Global Demographic and Population Health Resources Online=117
Decoding Global Health Patterns : Population Transition Theories=118
The Health of Populations : Moving from Assessment to Action=120
Health Situation Analysis=121
Data Sources for Health Situation Analysis=122
Linking Health Situation Analysis to Public Health Action=128
Moving from Assessment to Action―Global Perspective=131
The Millennium Development Goals=131
Public Health Surveillance=134
6. Integrated Approaches to Disease Prevention and Control=144
Overlaps and Interactions Across Disease Groupings=146
Creating Useful Public Health Interventions=148
Epidemiological Transition Theory : Double Burdens and Unfinished Agendas=150
Natural History of Disease=152
Levels of Prevention=154
Primary Prevention=155
A Case Study of Primary Prevention-Iodine Deficiency Disorders=156
What Ingredients Enabled this Global Elimination Initiative?=158
Secondary Prevention=159
Tertiary Prevention=162
Primordial Prevention=162
Applying Prevention to Public Health Problems : The Haddon Matrix=163
Communicable Diseases=164
Communicable Disease Control=166
Epidemic Theory and Practical Implications=169
Developing Methods of Communicable Disease Control=173
Nutrition and Immunity=178
Noncommunicable Diseases=179
Developing NCD Intervention Options=181
Integrated Approaches=187
Scaling Up Interventions=189
Case Study : Applying Integrated Prevention Principles to Type 2 Diabetes=189
Case Study : Arthritis-An Integrated Approach to Prevention and Control=192
Chronic Care Management Models=193
Prevention and Control of Mental and Behavioral Disorders=193
Mental and Behavioral Disorders as a Public Health Priority=196
Mental and Behavioral Case Study #1-Problem Gambling=198
Mental and Behavioral Case Study #2-Drug Addiction=199
Integrating Disease Prevention and Control through the Life-Course=201
A Global Perspective on Integrated Health Services=203
Conclusion=204
7. Air, Water, and Food=205
Air=206
Water=209
Waterborne Diseases=215
Vector or Insect-borne Diseases=217
Chemical Contaminants=217
Other Water Contaminants and Injuries=218
Food=219
Food Production=220
Food Safety=220
Sanitary Control of Milk=224
Quality Control in Food Production, Manufacturing, and Preparation=225
Animal Feeding Practices and Disease in Humans=225
Food Security=226
Nutrition=229
Malnutrition=229
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies=230
Overnutrition=231
Conclusion=233
8. Public Health Organization and Function in Evolving Health Systems=234
Comparative Health Systems-An Overview=234
Health Sector Reform=239
Role of the Private Sector=241
Organization of Public Health Services within Countries=244
Organization of Public Health Between Countries-International and Global Health=250
Multilateral Agencies=251
Bilateral Agencies=254
International Nongovernmental Organizations=255
Other Agencies=256
Strategic Leadership and Management in Public Health Services=256
Results Based Management for Successful Public Health Programs=258
Monitoring and Evaluation as Complementary Disciplines in Public Health=260
Public Health Goals and Objectives at Societal Level=264
The Issue of Vertical versus Horizontal Program Assistance=268
The Role of Public Health in Reducing the Impacts of Disasters=270
Health Human Resources=272
Conclusion=274
9. Global Ecology and Emerging Health Challenges=275
The Ever-Changing Environment of Planet Earth=275
The Health Impacts of Climate Change=277
What Can Be Done?=281
Human Population Issues=285
Changing Patterns of Health Risk=290
Disaster Risk Reduction=292
The Educated Citizen and Public Health=296
EPILOGUE=299
REFERENCES=303
INDEX=337