영문목차
Preface=xi
Acknowledgments=xv
1. Introduction=1
A. A Tale of Two Cities=1
B. Black Markets : Altruism's Limits=6
1. The Black Market=10
2. Exploitation of Living Donors=12
3. Compelled Organ and Tissue Donation from Children=13
4. Bias and Fraud : Who Gets Priority Status?=14
5. Presumed Consent : An Underground Process=16
6. Tissue Sales and Donor Betrayal=18
C. Reform : An Alternative Vision=20
Alternatives=21
Hybrid System=21
Slavery Debate=22
D. Research Framework : Laws and Status=23
PART ONE UNDERSTANDING THE STRAIN ON ALTRUISM
2. Institutional Supply, Demand, and Legitimacy=27
Introduction=27
A. Medical Trust and Government-Sponsored Medicine=28
B. Institutional Competency=34
Institutional Goals=35
Institutional Supply and Demand=36
Physical Capacity=39
C. Competency and Altruism : A Statistical Overview=40
Racial Disparities, Distributive Justice, and Waitlists=42
a. Kidney Waitlists=44
b. Liver Waitlists=45
c. Heart Waitlists=46
D. Confidence and Donation=47
Conclusion=53
3. Nuances, Judicial Authority, and the Legal Limits of Altruism=57
Introduction=57
A. The Language of Altruism=58
B. Obsessive Altruism―It's not Really Altruism at All or Is It?=61
Living Donations=62
The Cases=63
McFall v. Shimp=63
Curran v. Bosze=66
Fluid Jurisprudence=71
Strunk v. Strunk=73
C. Reproductive Altruism=77
Conclusion=81
4. Getting the Organ You Want=85
Introduction=85
A. Organ Referral : Getting Onto the List=86
Profit in Dialysis=89
Green Screening and Social Valuing=90
The God Squad=95
B. Distributive Justice and the Waiting List Game=96
History=97
Matching and Politics=98
1. Blood Distribution Grouping=102
2. Human Leukocyte Antigen Disparity=102
3. Higher Crossmatch=104
4. Low Donations among Blacks=105
Conclusion=106
PART TWO LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND ALTERNATIVES
5. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act=109
Introduction=109
A. 1968 UAGA=110
Scope=111
Compensation=112
Tensions=113
B. The 1987 UAGA : Required Request and Presumed Consent=114
6. Presumed Consent : The Unsuspecting Donor=117
Introduction=117
A. Presumed Consent : Origins and Obstacles=119
What Does Consent Have to Do with It?=120
Too Much to Not Ask For...=123
B. Can Presumed Consent Work for Organs?=125
Religious Concerns=128
Cultural Concerns=129
Opt-Out Viability=131
C. Compulsory Donation and a Duty to Rescue : Why Social Contract Theory Doesn't Apply=133
A Few Problems=134
Black Exclusion=137
Autonomy and State Interference=142
Conclusion=142
7. Commoditization : Incentives for Cadaveric Organ Harvesting=149
Introduction=149
A. Bad Blood=152
Blood Crisis=155
B. Costs=158
C. Subjective Ethics=160
D. Life, Death, and Insurance=162
E. System Components and Government Power=163
The Law=166
Conclusion=167
8. Black Markets : The Supply of Body Parts=169
Introduction=169
A. Taking from the Dead : Robbing Black Cemeteries=171
B. Public and Private Transactions in Tissue Procurement=175
C. The Private and the Public : A New Right to Choose in Sperm and Ova Sales=179
D. Black Markets and Organs=184
The Tale of an Organ=185
Buying an Organ=187
Costs=189
Conclusion=190
PART THREE CRITIQUING THE SLAVERY AND BLACK BODY MARKET COMPARISON
9. Critiquing the Slavery and Black Body Market Comparison=193
Introduction=193
Black Bodies and Property=194
1. Saving Lives=198
2. Compensation=200
3. Voluntary Participation=201
4. Physicality=202
Conclusion=203
10. Conclusion=207
Notes=213
Bibliography=269
Index=289