[Title Page]
Contents
I. Introduction 9
II. NPM Theory and Government Reform in Korea 11
1. NPM: Background 11
2. Main principles and institutions of NPM 12
3. Evaluation 13
III. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Government Reforms: Policy Implications 15
1. Method of evaluation 15
2. Results 16
A. Opinion poll 16
B. Expert evaluations 19
3. Policy implications 21
A. Changing the ways in which reforms are introduced 21
B. Changing the aims and contents of government reforms 24
IV. Cost Reduction and Cutback-Centered Management 30
1. Budget saving system 30
A. Budget waste 30
B. Main budget saving programs 33
C. Issues and possible solutions 35
2. Total labor cost ceiling 36
A. Main attributes 37
B. Current status of the total labor cost ceiling system 39
C. Issues and possible solutions 40
V. Emphasis on Performance and Outcome 41
1. Performance-oriented budgets 41
A. Definition and main features 41
B. Evaluating the performance-oriented budget system 43
C. Issues and possible solutions 45
2. Performance pay syste 46
A. Main features 46
B. Issues and possible solutions 48
VI. Decentralization and Autonomy 49
1. Team syste 49
A. Background 49
B. The team system in Korea today 50
C. Issues and possible solutions 53
2. Performance-Based Organizations(PBOs) 54
A. Definition 54
B. PBOs today 55
C. Issues and possible solutions 58
VII. Competition and Privatization 59
1. Contracting-out and privatization 59
A. Definition 59
B. Contracting-out today 60
C. Problems and possible solutions 62
2. Competitive appointment system 62
A. Overview 62
B. Issues and possible solutions 64
VIII. Conclusion 67
Bibliography 69
〈Table II-1〉 Main Principles and Prescriptions of NPM Theory 12
〈Table III-1〉 General Assessment of Government Reforms in Korea 17
〈Table III-2〉 Assessment of Specific Reform Measures 19
〈Table III-3〉 Experts' Evaluations of Reforms in General 20
〈Table III-4〉 Suggestions for Effective Government Reforms 28
〈Table IV-1〉 Types of Budget Inefficiencies 31
〈Table IV-2〉 Budget Waste Reported in the Press, 2003-2011 32
〈Table V-1〉 Performance-Oriented Budget System in Korea: Framework 43
〈Table V-2〉 Performance-Based Annual Wage System(in KRW) 47
〈Table V-3〉 Eligibility for Performance Incentives/Bonuses 48
〈Table VI-1〉 Scope of Delegation in Major Ministries and Departments under the... 52
〈Table VI-2〉 PBOPs in Korea 55
〈Table VII-1〉 Contracting-out Today 61
〈Table VII-2〉 Open Positions in the Korean Civil Service 66
[Figure IV-1] Labor Costs Saved by the Korean Government Organizations 39
[Figure V-1] International Evaluation of Korea's Performance-Oriented Budget... 44
[Figure VI-1] Bureau-Division System vs. Headquarters-Team System 51
[Figure VI-2] Location of PBOs on the Public Corporation(Semi-Governmental)... 57