1. Introduction2. Piaget’s Cognitive-Stage Theory and the Neo-Piagetians3. Freud’s and Erikson’s Psychoanalytic Theories4. Vygotsky and the Sociocultural Approach5. Biological Approaches: Ethology, Evolution, Neuroscience, Genetics6. Social Learning Theory7. Information-Processing Theory8. Gibson’s Ecological Theory of Perceptual Development9. Theories Today: Themes and ReflectionsReflections