Introduction1 The First Jesuits as University Students at Paris and Padua2 The Battle of Messina and the Jesuit Constitutions3 Messina and Catania, 1563 to 16784 The Attempt to Enter the University of Turin 5 The Padua Disaster 6 The Civic-Jesuit University of Parma7 The Civic-Jesuit University of Mantua8 Two New Universities in the Marches: Fermo and Macerata9 The Bishop Says No: Palermo and Chambery10 The Jesuits and the University of Bologna11 The Battle over Canon Law in Rome 12 The Jesuits and the Universities of Perugia13 The Jesuits and the Universities of ferrara, Pavia, and Siena 14 Philosophical and Pedagogical Differences15 The Jesuit Contribution to Theological EducationConclusion