PrefaceIntroduction: Mind over DataChapter 1: The Ladder of CausationChapter 2: From Buccaneers to Guinea Pigs: The Genesis of Causal InferenceChapter 3: From Evidence to Causes: Reverend Bayes Meets Mr. HolmesChapter 4: Confounding and Deconfounding: Or, Slaying the Lurking VariableChapter 5: The Smoke-Filled Debate: Clearing the AirChapter 6: Paradoxes Galore!Chapter 7: Beyond Adjustment: The Conquest of Mount InterventionChapter 8: Counterfactuals: Mining Worlds That Could Have BeenChapter 9: Mediation: The Search for a MechanismChapter 10: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Big QuestionsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex