1. Terminology and Basic Rules of Electoral SystemsPart I. Foundations of Electoral Systems2. Dimensions of Variation in Electoral Systems3. Electoral System Effects on Party Systems4. Party System Effects on Electoral Systems5. Electoral System Design in New Democracies6. Electoral System ChangePart II. Issues and Representation7. Social Diversity, Electoral Systems, and the Party System8. Electoral Systems and Ethnic Minority Representation9. Electoral Systems and Women's Representation10. Electoral Systems and Voter Turnout11. Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence12. Electoral Systems and Issue PolarizationPart III. Electoral Systems and the Wider Political System13. Portfolio-maximizing Strategic Voting in Parliamentary Elections14. Presidential and Legislative Elections15. Electoral Systems and Legislative Organization16. Electoral Systems and Roles in the Legislative Arena17. Electoral Systems and Constituency Service18. Direct Democracy and Referendums19. Electoral Systems in Authoritarian StatesPart IV. Electoral Systems and Research Design20. Election Data and Levels of Analysis21. Experimental Research Design in the Study of Electoral Systems22. Reconciling Approaches in the Study of Mixed-Member Electoral SystemsPart V. Holding Elections23. Election Administration24. Electoral Systems and Electoral Integrity25. Electoral Systems and Redistricting26. Electoral Systems and Campaign FinancePart VI. Electoral Systems in Context27. Electoral Systems in Context: The Netherlands28. Electoral Systems in Context: Israel29. Electoral Systems in Context: Finland30. Electoral Systems in Context: United Kingdom31. Electoral Systems in Context: Ireland32. Electoral Systems in Context: France33. Electoral Systems in Context: India34. Electoral Systems in Context: United States35. Electoral Systems in Context: Canada36. Electoral Systems in Context: Australia37. Electoral Systems in Context: GermanyPart VII. Electoral Systems in the Context of Reform38. Electoral Systems in Context: New Zealand39. Electoral Systems in Context: Japan40. Electoral Systems in Context: Italy41. Electoral Systems in Context: ColombiaPart VIII. Electoral Systems in the Context of New Democracies42. Electoral Systems in Context: Ukraine43. Electoral Systems in Context: Indonesia44. Electoral Systems in Context: South Africa