List of Figures AcknowledgmentsList of AbbreviationsIntroduction1 1898: "The Constitutional Lion in the Path"2 The Constitution and the New U.S. Expansion: Debating the Status of the Islands3 "We Are Naturally Americans": Federico Degetau and Santiago Iglesias Pursue Citizenship4 "American Aliens": Isabel Gonzalez, Domingo Collazo, Federico Degetau, and the Supreme Court, 1902--19055 Reconstructing Puerto Rico, 1904--19096 The Jones Act and the Long Path to ollective NaturalizationConclusionAfterwordNotesIndex