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Contents
Executive Summary 28
Project Description 28
Structure of Pre-F/S (OBC-Outline Business Case) 29
Data Review 30
Public Consultation 31
Market Valuation 32
Technical Assessment 34
Land, Social, and Environmental Study 40
Economic & Financial Assessment 42
Legal and Regulatory Analysis 48
Need for Government Support and Guarantees 51
Project Procurement 52
Risk Assessment 54
Follow-up Project Schedule 55
OBC Findings 56
Chapter 1. Preliminary 60
1.1. Project Overview 60
1.1.1. Project Background and Need 60
1.2. Outline of Study 61
1.2.1. Study Objective 61
1.2.2. Study Period 62
1.2.3. Location of Target Site 62
1.2.4. The Scope of Work 63
1.3. Study Progress 66
1.4. Implementing Flow Chart 67
1.5. Structure of Pre-F/S (OBC - Outline Business Case) 68
1.5.1. Pre-Feasibility Framework for OBC Studies 68
1.5.2. Report structure 69
1.6. Data Review 70
1.7. Premise 70
1.7.1. Premise 70
1.7.2. Site visit 71
1.8. Limitations and Exceptions 71
Chapter 2. Baseline Data Survey and Review 74
2.1. Regional Overview 74
2.1.1. Overview of Target Region 74
2.2. Weather Data 76
2.2.1. Weather Overview 76
2.2.2. Wind 77
2.2.3. Rainfall 77
2.2.4. Temperature 78
2.2.5. Humidity 78
2.2.6. Atmospheric Pressure 79
2.2.7. Sunlight 79
2.3. Topography 80
2.4. Waterway and Coastal Area 82
2.4.1. Coastal Area of New Port Site 82
2.4.2. Status of New Port Site 86
2.4.3. Rivers at Target Site 89
2.5. Wave Numerical Model Test 90
2.5.1. Overview 90
2.5.2. Wave Transformation Numerical Model Test 93
2.5.3. Harbour Calmness Model Test 113
2.6. Geological Features and Soil Conditions 116
2.6.1. Geological Features 116
2.6.2. Earthquakes 117
2.6.3. Soil Conditions 120
2.7. Existing Infrastructure 123
2.7.1. Ports 123
2.7.2. Airports 125
2.7.3. Roads 128
2.7.4. Electricity 133
2.7.5. Water 134
2.7.6. Communications 136
2.7.7. Status of Regional Industries 139
2.7.8. Material Sources 141
2.8. Survey on Investment and Intended Tenants 143
Chapter 3. Public Consultation 146
3.1. Preliminary 146
3.2. Consultation Methodology 146
3.3. Consultation Schedule and Content 147
3.3.1. OBC Initiation Report and Consultation with Related Organizations 147
3.3.2. The 1st Focus Group Discussion and Site Visit[이미지참조] 151
3.3.3. Consultation with Governments and Participating Companies 152
3.3.4. The 2nd Focus Group Discussion 153
3.3.5. The 3rd Focus Group Discussion 156
3.4. Project Beneficiary Analysis 159
3.5. Implementing Agency and Stakeholders 160
3.5.1. Identification of Implementing Agency and Stakeholders 160
3.5.2. Commitments of Implementing Agency and Stakeholders 161
3.6. Policy Coordination 161
Chapter 4. Status and Outlook of Socioeconomic Indicators 164
4.1. General 164
4.1.1. National Overview 164
4.1.2. Administrative Districts 165
4.1.3. Population 167
4.1.4. Education 169
4.1.5. Industries 170
4.2. Domestic and Global Economic Indicators 174
4.2.1. Overview of Economic Indicators 174
4.2.2. Major Economic Indicators 176
4.2.3. Imports and Exports 181
4.2.4. Trade Facts 184
4.2.5. Labor Relations 185
4.2.6. Korean Companies in Indonesia 189
Chapter 5. Cargo Volume Analysis and Forecast 194
5.1. Overview 194
5.1.1. Estimation of Cargo Volume 194
5.1.2. Estimation of Industrial Base Unit for the Industrial Zone in Indonesia 196
5.2. Estimation of Cargo Traffic Volume at Target Site 204
5.2.1. Premise 204
5.2.2. Estimation of Cargo Traffic Volume 205
Chapter 6. Review of Cargo Handling Capacity and Development Scale 212
6.1. Estimation of Cargo Handling Capacity 212
6.1.1. Overview 212
6.1.2. Estimation of Cargo Handling Capacity 212
6.2. Review of Port Development Scale 215
6.2.1. Premise 215
6.2.2. Scale of Port Development Stage 1 215
6.2.3. Scale of Port Development Stage 2 218
6.2.4. Estimated Result of Required Berths 221
6.2.5. Review of Functional Facility Size 221
Chapter 7. Port Master Plan 232
7.1. Overview 232
7.2. Conceptual Master Plan for Tanah Kuning Industrial Zone 232
7.2.1. Development Concept 232
7.2.2. Land-Use Plan 235
7.2.3. Distribution of Area by Industry 236
7.2.4. Transport Routing Plan 238
7.2.5. Parks and Green Zones 239
7.2.6. Supply Plans 240
7.2.7. Developmental Plan by Phase 242
7.2.8. Suggestions for Future Implementations 245
7.3. Master Plan for the Tanah Kuning New International Seaport 246
7.3.1. Basic Development Conception 246
7.3.2. Analysis of Existing Port Layout Plan 247
7.3.3. Port Layout Plan 248
Chapter 8. Conceptual Design 264
8.1. Design Standards and Regulations 264
8.2. Design Criteria 265
8.2.1. Marine Conditions 265
8.2.2. Targeted Vessel 266
8.2.3. Materials and Loading Conditions 267
8.2.4. Factor of Safety and Others 268
8.2.5. Design Method 269
8.3. Structural Design by Terminal 272
8.3.1. Review of Crest Height 272
8.3.2. Review of Structural Type 273
8.3.3. Review of Structural Stability 277
8.4. Port Auxiliary Facility 284
8.4.1. Mooring Posts 284
8.4.2. Fenders 286
8.5. Dredging and Reclamation 287
8.5.1. Overview 287
8.5.2. Dredging Plan 287
8.6. Harbour facilities 292
8.6.1. Channel Plan 292
8.6.2. Mooring and Turning Basin 294
8.6.3. Navigation Aids 295
8.7. Pavement for Yard 297
8.7.1. Overview 297
8.8. Water Supply 298
8.8.1. Water Intake Plan 298
8.8.2. Water Supply Plan to Terminals 298
8.9. Wastewater Treatment 301
8.9.1. Rainwater Removal Plan 301
8.9.2. Wastewater Treatment Plan 301
8.10. Estimation of Project Costs 302
8.10.1. Overview 302
8.10.2. Estimation of Project Costs 302
8.10.3. Calculation of Project Costs 304
8.10.4. Estimation of Project Cost at Target Port 306
Chapter 9. Establishment of Port Operation System 326
9.1. Plan for Application of Operational Equipment and Workforce 326
9.1.1. Basic Direction 326
9.1.2. Operation Equipment and Workforce for Coal Terminal 326
9.1.3. Operation Equipment and Workforce for Mineral Terminal 327
9.1.4. Operation Equipment and Workforce for Liquid Terminal 328
9.1.5. Operation Equipment and Workforce for Container and General Cargo Terminal 329
9.2. Operation of Training System 332
9.2.1. Basic Direction 332
9.2.2. Port-related Training in Korea 332
9.2.3. Necessary Equipment and Facilities For the Training System 335
9.2.4. Plan for Establishing the Training System 335
Chapter 10. Review of Land Condemnation, Social and Environmental Impact 340
10.1. Overview 340
10.2. Stakeholder Compensation, Migration, and Social Aspects 340
10.2.1. Contents of Stakeholder Compensation and Migration Measures 340
10.2.2. Stakeholder Compensation Measures 342
10.2.3. Migration Measures for Residents 343
10.2.4. Compensation Measures for Land and Fishing Rights 343
10.2.5. Impact in Social Aspects 344
10.3. Land-Use Plan and Land Acquisition 347
10.3.1. Land Acquisition Regulations for PPP Projects 347
10.3.2. Status of Land-Use plan and Acquisition 347
10.4. Environmental Laws and Management Organization 350
10.4.1. Environmental Laws and Regulations 350
10.4.2. Environmental Administrative Organizations 351
10.4.3. Environmental Permit Procedures and Guidelines 352
10.5. Key Review Points on Environment 356
10.6. Environmental Impact Review 356
10.6.1. Extraction of Environmental Impact Factors 356
10.6.2. Environmental Impact Review Items 358
10.6.3. Review of Project Eligibility for Environmental Impact Assessment 358
10.7. Environmental Conditions 361
10.8. Conclusion 365
10.8.1. Review of AMDAL Subjectivity and Group Rating 365
10.8.2. Prediction of Environmental Impact and Analysis of Mitigation Measures 365
10.8.3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction 365
10.8.4. Impacts and Reduction Measures During Port Operation 366
10.8.5. Implications 367
Chapter 11. Economic and Financial Feasibility Analysis 370
11.1. Economic and Feasibility Analysis 370
11.1.1. Overview 370
11.1.2. Economic Feasibility Analysis 372
11.2. Financial Feasibility Analysis 379
11.2.1. Overview 379
11.2.2. Financial Feasibility Analysis Scenario 381
11.2.3. Project Cost and Investment Plans 382
11.2.4. Estimation of Revenues 382
11.2.5. Estimation of Operation Costs 385
11.2.6. Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis 392
11.2.7. Sensitivity Analysis 393
11.3. Analysis of Economic Impact 397
11.3.1. Overview 397
11.3.2. Analysis of Economic Impact 397
11.4. Structure of the PPP Project and Government Cooperation Plan 405
11.4.1. Structure of the PPP Project 405
11.4.2. Government Cooperation and Support 411
Chapter 12. Review of Laws and Policies 416
12.1. Related Policies and Plans 416
12.1.1. Higher Plans and Key Policies 416
12.1.2. Related Regional Plans and Policies 421
12.2. Port Related Plans 427
12.2.1. Sea-highway Program (Maritime Axis, 2014) 427
12.2.2. National Port Master Plan, NPMP 2016 428
12.3. Laws Related to Development of Industrial Complexes and Ports 429
12.4. PPP Framework in Indonesia 432
12.4.1. Major Laws on PPP Projects 432
12.4.2. General Structure of PPP Project Planning 434
12.4.3. Key Procedures of PPP Implementation 436
12.5. Considerations for PPP Projects 441
12.5.1. Scheme for PPP Project 441
12.5.2. GCA or PJPK for the PPP 442
12.5.3. Ownership Structure and Negative Investment List for PPP Projects 443
12.5.4. Process of Permission for PPP Projects 445
12.5.5. Coordination Committee and Procurement Methods 446
12.6. Risk analysis 449
12.6.1. Classification and Types of Project Risks 449
12.6.2. Principles of Handling and Allocating Risks 450
12.6.3. Expected Risk Types and Solutions 450
Chapter 13. Conclusion and Suggestions 456
13.1. Comprehensive Evaluation and Commercialization Plan 456
13.2. Follow-up Schedule 457
Appendices 459
A1. Drawings 460
A2. Economic and Financial Analysis 480
A3. Presentation Material 492
〈Table 1〉 Report Structure and OBC Components 29
〈Table 2〉 Prior Studies 30
〈Table 3〉 Public Consultation Schedule 31
〈Table 4〉 Estimated Cargo Volume and Development Scale on Public Consultation Schedule 33
〈Table 5〉 Design Water Level at Target Area 34
〈Table 6〉 Design Wave Height and Regular Wave Height at Target Area 34
〈Table 7〉 Target Vessel and Berth Conditions 35
〈Table 8〉 Detailed Layout Plan 36
〈Table 9〉 Standard Cross-sectional Diagram of the Structure 37
〈Table 10〉 Direct Construction Costs 38
〈Table 11〉 Engineering Consulting Service Charges 38
〈Table 12〉 Indirect Costs 38
〈Table 13〉 Status of Investment Cost (Total Project Cost) 39
〈Table 14〉 Indirect Costs 43
〈Table 15〉 Result of Economic Feasibility Analysis 43
〈Table 16〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Social Discount Rate 44
〈Table 17〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Total Project Cost 44
〈Table 18〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Cargo Volume 45
〈Table 19〉 Financial Feasibility Analysis Scenario 45
〈Table 20〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Container (General) Terminal 46
〈Table 21〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Ore Terminal 46
〈Table 22〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Coal Terminal 47
〈Table 23〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Liquid Terminal 47
〈Table 24〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for All Terminals at the Target Site 47
〈Table 25〉 Coordination Committee for the Tanah Kuning-Mangkupadi International Port and Industrial... 53
〈Table 1.2.1〉 The Scope of Work Outlined in Implementation Agreement 63
〈Table 1.2.2〉 Scope of Study and Details 64
〈Table 1.2.3〉 OBC Study Team and Tasks in Charge 65
〈Table 1.3.1〉 Study Progress 66
〈Table 1.5.1〉 OBC Structure 68
〈Table 1.5.2〉 Report Structure and OBC Components 69
〈Table 1.6.1〉 Prior Studies 70
〈Table 2.1.1〉 Statistics Indonesia's Population Forecast by Key Island 75
〈Table 2.2.1〉 Climate Conditions in North Kalimantan Province 76
〈Table 2.2.2〉 Average Monthly Wind Speed 77
〈Table 2.2.3〉 Average Monthly Rainfall 77
〈Table 2.2.4〉 Average Monthly Temperature 78
〈Table 2.2.5〉 Average Monthly Relative Humidity 78
〈Table 2.2.6〉 Average Monthly Atmospheric Pressure 79
〈Table 2.2.7〉 Average Monthly Sunlight 79
〈Table 2.3.1〉 Altitude Above Sea Level by Region in North Kalimantan Province 80
〈Table 2.3.2〉 Terrain Gradients by Regency in North Kalimantan Province 81
〈Table 2.4.1〉 Design Water Level at Target Area 83
〈Table 2.4.2〉 River Condition 90
〈Table 2.5.1〉 Wave Direction–Month Occurrences 92
〈Table 2.5.2〉 Wave Height Occurrences by Period 92
〈Table 2.5.3〉 Overview of Wave Transformation Test 93
〈Table 2.5.4〉 Wave Specifications in the Wave Transformation Test 97
〈Table 2.5.5〉 Specifications for Design Wave on Structure 100
〈Table 2.5.6〉 Comparison of Ordinary Waves and Allowable wave height for cargo handling 107
〈Table 2.5.7〉 Overview of Harbour Calmness Test 113
〈Table 2.5.8〉 Comparison of Allowable Wave Heights for Cargo Handling through Harbour Calmness Test 114
〈Table 2.6.1〉 Major Earthquakes in Indonesia 118
〈Table 2.6.2〉 Location of Geotechnical Survey 120
〈Table 2.6.3〉 BH-1 Survey Result 121
〈Table 2.6.4〉 BH-2 Survey Result 121
〈Table 2.7.1〉 Specifications for Key Port Facilities at Tanjung Selor Port 123
〈Table 2.7.2〉 Cargo Handling Performance of Tanjung Selor Port 124
〈Table 2.7.3〉 Key Facilities at Tarakan Port 124
〈Table 2.7.4〉 Major Airports in North Kalimantan Province 127
〈Table 2.7.5〉 Road Planning 131
〈Table 2.7.6〉 Electricity Users from PLN and Other Sources in East Tanjung Palas, 2014 133
〈Table 2.7.7〉 Power Plant Development Plans of North Kalimantan Province 134
〈Table 2.7.8〉 Use of Surface Water in Indonesia by Island 134
〈Table 2.7.9〉 Retention and Safe Use Levels of Underground Water by Region 135
〈Table 2.7.10〉 Daily and Annual Industrial Water Demand by Region 135
〈Table 2.7.11〉 Industries in Kalimantan Island by Province 139
〈Table 2.8.1〉 Companies that Intend to Participate in Tanah Kuning Industrial Zone and Port 143
〈Table 3.2.1〉 Plan to Approach Stakeholders 146
〈Table 3.3.1〉 Public Consultation Schedule 147
〈Table 3.3.2〉 Invited Stakeholders to the Kick-off Meeting 148
〈Table 3.3.3〉 Invited Stakeholders at the Interim Report 154
〈Table 3.3.4〉 Invited Stakeholders at the Interim Report 156
〈Table 4.1.1〉 General 164
〈Table 4.1.2〉 Indonesia's 34 Provinces and Provincial Capitals 165
〈Table 4.1.3〉 Distribution of Population by Region in Indonesia 167
〈Table 4.1.4〉 Demographics in Indonesia 168
〈Table 4.1.5〉 Education System in Indonesia 169
〈Table 4.1.6〉 Growth Rate of Major Industries for Indonesia's GDP (2013-2017) 172
〈Table 4.1.7〉 10 Top Industrial Complexes in Indonesia 174
〈Table 4.2.1〉 General Economic Statistics 175
〈Table 4.2.2〉 Major Economic Indicators 176
〈Table 4.2.3〉 Major Inflation Trends by Year 177
〈Table 4.2.4〉 Exchange Rate Fluctuations against the Dollar (2013-June 2018) 178
〈Table 4.2.5〉 Current Account Balance in Indonesia (2013-Q1 2018) 179
〈Table 4.2.6〉 Trend of Foreign Exchange Reserves (2013-February 2018) 179
〈Table 4.2.7〉 Trends in Indonesia's Base Interest Rate (2013-July 2018) 180
〈Table 4.2.8〉 Trends in Indonesia's Minimum Wage (Major Regions, 2014-2018) 181
〈Table 4.2.9〉 Trends in Indonesia's Trade Balance 181
〈Table 4.2.10〉 Indonesia's Major Exports by Nation 182
〈Table 4.2.11〉 Indonesia's Major Imports by Nation 182
〈Table 4.2.12〉 Indonesia's Major Exports by Item 183
〈Table 4.2.13〉 Indonesia's Major Imports by Item 183
〈Table 4.2.14〉 Major Items on the Sensitive List 185
〈Table 4.2.15〉 Indonesia's Minimum Wage Increase by Province 186
〈Table 4.2.16〉 Minimum Wage in West Java by City and Regency 187
〈Table 4.2.17〉 Minimum Wage in Central Java by City and Regency 188
〈Table 4.2.18〉 Minimum Wage in East Java by City and Regency 188
〈Table 4.2.19〉 Indonesian Regulations regarding Working Hours, Rest Breaks, and Leaves 189
〈Table 4.2.20〉 Korean Businesses in Indonesia by Format 190
〈Table 4.2.21〉 Korean Businesses in Indonesia by Industry 190
〈Table 4.2.22〉 Cumulative Investment Report in Indonesia by Industry 191
〈Table 4.2.23〉 Korean Companies' Investment in Indonesia by Year 191
〈Table 4.2.24〉 Korean Investment in Indonesia by Industry and Region, 2017 191
〈Table 5.1.1〉 Each Zone at the Target Site 195
〈Table 5.1.2〉 Industrial Base Unit for the Area of Industrial Complexes 196
〈Table 5.1.3〉 Comparison of Industrial Base Unit for Production Output 198
〈Table 5.1.4〉 Major Industrial Complexes in Indonesia(2015) 198
〈Table 5.1.5〉 Industrial Base Unit (persons/1,000㎡) at Major Industrial Complexes in Indonesia (2015) 199
〈Table 5.1.6〉 Industrial Base Units for Korean Workers in 2006 200
〈Table 5.1.7〉 Converted Industrial Base Units for Production Output (Korea, 2006) 201
〈Table 5.1.8〉 Industrial Base Units for Production Output in Indonesia 201
〈Table 5.1.9〉 Industrial Base Unit Per Production Output for Cargo Traffic Volume by Major Korean... 202
〈Table 5.1.10〉 Converted Industrial Base Units for Cargo Traffic Volume by Industry in Indonesia 202
〈Table 5.1.11〉 Estimated Industrial Base Units for Cargo Traffic Volume by Industry in Indonesia 203
〈Table 5.1.12〉 Summarized Estimation Process of Industrial Base Units for Cargo Traffic Volume by Industry... 203
〈Table 5.2.1〉 Estimation of Phase 1 Cargo Traffic Volume at Target Site 205
〈Table 5.2.2〉 Full Containers from Jakarta to Busan Port 206
〈Table 5.2.3〉 Estimation of phase 2 Cargo Traffic Volume at Target Site 207
〈Table 5.2.4〉 Estimation of Port Cargo Traffic Volume due to phase 1-2 Development of Industrial Zone 209
〈Table 6.1.1〉 Cargo Handling Capacity Per Hour for Each Mother Vessel 213
〈Table 6.1.2〉 Hourly Rate for Crane Operations 214
〈Table 6.1.3〉 Efficiency of Crane Operations 214
〈Table 6.2.1〉 Scale of Development for Coal Receiving Terminal in Stage 1 215
〈Table 6.2.2〉 Scale of Development for Solid Bulk Terminal in Stage 1 216
〈Table 6.2.3〉 Scale of Development for Petrochemical Terminal in Stage 1 217
〈Table 6.2.4〉 Scale of Development for General Cargo + Container Terminal in Stage 1 218
〈Table 6.2.5〉 Scale of Development for Coal Receiving Terminal in Phases 1-2 218
〈Table 6.2.6〉 Scale of Development for Breakbulk Terminal in Phases 1-2 219
〈Table 6.2.7〉 Scale of Development for Petrochemical Terminal in Phase 2 220
〈Table 6.2.8〉 Scale of Development for General Cargo and Container Terminal in Phases 1-2 220
〈Table 6.2.9〉 Estimated Required Berths for Each Terminal 221
〈Table 6.2.10〉 Scale of Development for Container Terminal CY in Phase 1 222
〈Table 6.2.11〉 Scale of Development for Container Terminal CY in Phase 2 223
〈Table 6.2.12〉 Required Area of Container Terminal CY in Phases 1-2 223
〈Table 6.2.13〉 Scale of Development for CFS of Container Terminal in Phase 1 224
〈Table 6.2.14〉 Scale of Development for CFS of Container Terminal in Phase 2 224
〈Table 6.2.15〉 Scale of Other Facilities (Phases 1-2) 225
〈Table 6.2.16〉 Required Area of Container Terminal in Phases 1-2 226
〈Table 6.2.17〉 Required Area of General Cargo Yard 227
〈Table 7.2.1〉 Land Use Plan 235
〈Table 7.2.2〉 Plan for Distribution by Industry 237
〈Table 7.2.3〉 Calculation of Power Demand 241
〈Table 7.2.4〉 Development Scale by Phase 242
〈Table 7.2.5〉 Development Strategy by Phase 243
〈Table 7.2.6〉 Facility Introduction by Phase 243
〈Table 7.2.7〉 Industries by Phase 244
〈Table 7.2.8〉 Comparison of Industrial Zones 245
〈Table 7.3.1〉 Review of Berthing Facility Location 248
〈Table 7.3.2〉 Review of Layout Plan for Container and General Cargo Terminal 249
〈Table 7.3.3〉 Layout Plan and Handling Method for the Mineral Terminal 250
〈Table 7.3.4〉 Review of Liquid Bulk Terminal Layout Plan 251
〈Table 7.3.5〉 Major Facility Plans by Phase (Terminal A) 254
〈Table 7.3.6〉 Major Facility Plans by Phase (Terminal B) 255
〈Table 7.3.7〉 Major Facility Plans by Phase (Terminal C) 256
〈Table 7.3.8〉 Major Facility Plans by Phase (Terminal D) 257
〈Table 8.1.1〉 Major Codes on Port Designs in Indonesia 264
〈Table 8.2.1〉 Design Wave at Target Area 265
〈Table 8.2.2〉 Heights of Design Waves and Ordinary Waves at Target Area 266
〈Table 8.2.3〉 Standard Vessel Dimensions 266
〈Table 8.2.4〉 Total Berth Length and Water Depth 267
〈Table 8.2.5〉 Weight Per Unit Volume 267
〈Table 8.2.6〉 Strength Parameters of Soil Materials 268
〈Table 8.2.7〉 Surcharge Load 268
〈Table 8.2.8〉 Factor of Safety 268
〈Table 8.2.9〉 Dredging and Excavation Slopes 269
〈Table 8.2.10〉 Allowable Bearing Capacity of Rubble Mound 269
〈Table 8.2.11〉 Friction Coefficient 269
〈Table 8.2.12〉 Specified Strength 269
〈Table 8.2.13〉 Material Properties 270
〈Table 8.2.14〉 Allowable Stress of Steel 270
〈Table 8.2.15〉 Allowable Stress Magnification Factor of Steel 271
〈Table 8.2.16〉 Material Properties 271
〈Table 8.2.17〉 Ductility Factor at the Level of Collapse Prevention 271
〈Table 8.2.18〉 Allowable stress and Es of Reinforced Bars 271
〈Table 8.2.19〉 Material Properties 272
〈Table 8.3.1〉 Formula for Calculation of Crest Heights 273
〈Table 8.3.2〉 Summary of Calculating Crest Heights 273
〈Table 8.3.3〉 Considerations for Selection of Quay Wall Structure Type 274
〈Table 8.3.4〉 Preliminary Evaluation for Each Structural Type 274
〈Table 8.3.5〉 Comparison and Selection of Quay Wall Type 275
〈Table 8.3.6〉 Comparison and Selection of Breakwater Type 276
〈Table 8.3.7〉 Review of Allowable Stress for Steel Sheet Pile Body 279
〈Table 8.3.8〉 Review of Allowable Vertical Bearing Capacity in the Ground 279
〈Table 8.3.9〉 Review of S.P.M 280
〈Table 8.4.1〉 Traction of Vessels 284
〈Table 8.4.2〉 Selection of Bollards 284
〈Table 8.4.3〉 Spacing Interval of Bollards 285
〈Table 8.4.4〉 Mooring Posts for Each Terminal 285
〈Table 8.4.5〉 Selection of Fenders 286
〈Table 8.4.6〉 Decision for Fenders at Each Terminal 287
〈Table 8.5.1〉 Dredging and Excavation Slopes by Soil Type 288
〈Table 8.5.2〉 Thickness of Extra Dredging by Soil Type 288
〈Table 8.5.3〉 Extra Dredging Margin Width 289
〈Table 8.5.4〉 Calculated Amount of Dredged Soil 289
〈Table 8.6.1〉 Specification of Approach Channel for Each Terminal 293
〈Table 8.6.2〉 Specification of Turning Basin 294
〈Table 8.6.3〉 Placement of Sea Route Signs 296
〈Table 8.7.1〉 Comparison of Pavement Types 297
〈Table 8.8.1〉 Standards for Water Supply and Fire Hydrants for Vessel Tonnage 298
〈Table 8.8.2〉 Water Supply to Vessels 299
〈Table 8.8.3〉 Total Water Required for Extinguishing Fire 299
〈Table 8.8.4〉 Amount of Residential Water (per Berth) 300
〈Table 8.8.5〉 Planned Hourly Water Supply and Pipe Diameters for Terminal Facilities 300
〈Table 8.9.1〉 Planned Amount of Wastewater 301
〈Table 8.9.2〉 Wastewater Treatment Facility Plan 302
〈Table 8.10.1〉 Items for Direct Construction Costs 304
〈Table 8.10.2〉 Engineering Consulting Service Charges 304
〈Table 8.10.3〉 Indirect Costs 304
〈Table 8.10.4〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal A, Phase 1) 306
〈Table 8.10.5〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal A, Phase 2) 306
〈Table 8.10.6〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal B, Phase 1) 307
〈Table 8.10.7〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal C, Phase 1) 307
〈Table 8.10.8〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal C, Phase 2) 307
〈Table 8.10.9〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal D, Phase 1) 308
〈Table 8.10.10〉 Direct Construction Costs (Terminal D, Phase 2) 308
〈Table 8.10.11〉 Direct Construction Costs (Port Yard, Phase 1) 309
〈Table 8.10.12〉 Direct Construction Costs (Port Yard, Phase 2) 310
〈Table 8.10.13〉 Operation Equipment (Terminal A) 311
〈Table 8.10.14〉 Operation Equipment (Terminal C) 312
〈Table 8.10.15〉 Operation Equipment (Terminal D) 312
〈Table 8.10.16〉 Design and Supervision Pricing Standards 313
〈Table 8.10.17〉 Result of Engineering Service Fee Calculation (Terminal A) 314
〈Table 8.10.18〉 Result of Engineering Service Fee Calculation (Terminal B) 314
〈Table 8.10.19〉 Result of Engineering Service Fee Calculation (Terminal C) 314
〈Table 8.10.20〉 Result of Engineering Service Fee Calculation (Terminal D) 314
〈Table 8.10.21〉 Result of Engineering Service Fee Calculation (Port Yard) 314
〈Table 8.10.22〉 Indirect Cost Estimation Standards 315
〈Table 8.10.23〉 Inflation Rate 315
〈Table 8.10.24〉 Inflation Rate during Construction Period 316
〈Table 8.10.25〉 Fluctuation of Exchange Rate 316
〈Table 8.10.26〉 Contingency 316
〈Table 8.10.27〉 Total Project Cost (Terminal A) 316
〈Table 8.10.28〉 Total Project Cost (Terminal B) 317
〈Table 8.10.29〉 Total Project Cost (Terminal C) 317
〈Table 8.10.30〉 Total Project Cost (Terminal D) 318
〈Table 8.10.31〉 Total Project Cost (Port Yard) 318
〈Table 8.10.32〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal A, Phase 1) 319
〈Table 8.10.33〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal A, Phase 2) 319
〈Table 8.10.34〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal B, Phase 1) 320
〈Table 8.10.35〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal C, Phase 1) 320
〈Table 8.10.36〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal C, Phase 2) 321
〈Table 8.10.37〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal D, Phase 1) 321
〈Table 8.10.38〉 Construction Schedule (Terminal D, Phase 2) 322
〈Table 8.10.39〉 Construction Schedule (Port Yard, Phase 1) 322
〈Table 8.10.40〉 Construction Schedule (Port Yard, Phase 2) 323
〈Table 9.1.1〉 Equipment Required to Operate a Coal Terminal 326
〈Table 9.1.2〉 Workforce Required to Operate a Coal Terminal 327
〈Table 9.1.3〉 Equipment Required to Operate a Mineral Terminal 327
〈Table 9.1.4〉 Workforce Required to Operate a Mineral Terminal 328
〈Table 9.1.5〉 Workforce Required to Operate a Liquid Terminal 329
〈Table 9.1.6〉 Workforce at Container and General Cargo Terminal 330
〈Table 9.1.7〉 Equipment Required to Process Container Cargo Volume 331
〈Table 9.1.8〉 Equipment Required to Process General Cargo Volume 331
〈Table 9.2.1〉 Training Program (Example) 332
〈Table 9.2.2〉 Port Training Equipment (Example) 335
〈Table 9.2.3〉 Strategies for Introducing Port Training Facilities 336
〈Table 10.2.1〉 Compensation Plan (Draft) 342
〈Table 10.2.2〉 Variables in Social Impact Analysis 344
〈Table 10.2.3〉 Steps of Social Impact Assessment 345
〈Table 10.4.1〉 Environmental Administrative Agencies, Organizations and Functions 351
〈Table 10.5.1〉 Key Review Points 356
〈Table 10.6.1〉 Extraction of Environmental Impact Elements Using a Determinant Balance Sheet 357
〈Table 10.6.2〉 Criteria Settings for Determinant Balance Sheet 357
〈Table 10.6.3〉 Extraction of Environmental Impact Elements 358
〈Table 10.6.4〉 Classification of Ratings for Environmental Impact Analysis 359
〈Table 11.1.1〉 Operating Cost Rate by Asset and Maintenance and Repair Rate (UNCTAD) 372
〈Table 11.1.2〉 Economic Benefits of Port Investment Industry 373
〈Table 11.1.3〉 Result of Economic Feasibility Analysis 376
〈Table 11.1.4〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Social Discount Rate 377
〈Table 11.1.5〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Total Project Cost 377
〈Table 11.1.6〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis according to the Change of Cargo Volume 378
〈Table 11.2.1〉 Basic Assumptions Used in Financial Feasibility Analysis 380
〈Table 11.2.2〉 Financial Feasibility Analysis Scenario 381
〈Table 11.2.3〉 Status of Investment Cost 382
〈Table 11.2.4〉 Unit Price of Cargo Handling by Item 383
〈Table 11.2.5〉 Cargo Volume by Year (Phase 1) 383
〈Table 11.2.6〉 Cargo Volume by Year (Phase 2) 384
〈Table 11.2.7〉 Cargo Volume by Year (Sum of Phases 1-2) 384
〈Table 11.2.8〉 Total Operation Revenue (Sum of Phases 1-2) 385
〈Table 11.2.9〉 Workforce and Labor Costs at Container and General Cargo Terminal 386
〈Table 11.2.10〉 Workforce and Labor Costs at Mineral Terminal 387
〈Table 11.2.11〉 Workforce and Labor Costs at Coal Terminal 387
〈Table 11.2.12〉 Workforce and Labor Costs at Liquid Terminal 388
〈Table 11.2.13〉 Oil and Power Costs 388
〈Table 11.2.14〉 Equipment Required to Process Container Cargo Volume 389
〈Table 11.2.15〉 Equipment Required to Process General Cargo Volume 389
〈Table 11.2.16〉 Equipment Required to Process Mineral Cargo Volume 389
〈Table 11.2.17〉 Equipment Required to Process Coal Cargo Volume 390
〈Table 11.2.18〉 Equipment Required to Process Liquid Cargo Volume 390
〈Table 11.2.19〉 Cost of Purchasing Operating Systems for Container and General Cargo Terminal 390
〈Table 11.2.20〉 Cost of Purchasing Operating Systems for Mineral Terminal 391
〈Table 11.2.21〉 Cost of Purchasing Operating Systems for Coal Terminal 391
〈Table 11.2.22〉 Cost of Purchasing Operating Systems for Liquid Terminal 391
〈Table 11.2.23〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Container (General) Terminal 392
〈Table 11.2.24〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Mineral Terminal 392
〈Table 11.2.25〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Coal Terminal 392
〈Table 11.2.26〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for the Liquid Terminal 393
〈Table 11.2.27〉 Result of Financial Feasibility Analysis for All Terminals at the Target Site 393
〈Table 11.2.28〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis for the Container (General Cargo) Terminal 394
〈Table 11.2.29〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis for the Mineral Terminal 395
〈Table 11.2.30〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis for the Coal Terminal 395
〈Table 11.2.31〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis for the Liquid Terminal 396
〈Table 11.2.32〉 Result of Sensitivity Analysis for All Terminals at the Target Area 396
〈Table 11.3.1〉 Structure of Input-Output Table 398
〈Table 11.3.2〉 OECD's IOT (Input-Output Table) Industries 401
〈Table 11.3.3〉 Industrial Impacts of Port Construction 402
〈Table 11.3.4〉 Economic Impacts of Port Construction 403
〈Table 11.3.5〉 Total Operating Revenues 403
〈Table 11.3.6〉 Economic Impacts of Port Operation 403
〈Table 11.3.7〉 Industrial Impacts of Port Operation 404
〈Table 11.4.1〉 Comparison of Private Investment Projects 407
〈Table 12.1.1〉 Top 11 Strategies in 2015-2035 Master Plan of National Industry Development, RIPIN, Indonesia 417
〈Table 12.1.2〉 Top National Priority Industries, 2015-2035 Master Plan of National Industry Development 418
〈Table 12.1.3〉 Main Functions and Industries in Each Indonesian Economic Corridor 419
〈Table 12.1.4〉 Economic Goals for 2025 in Indonesia's Economic Development Master Plan 420
〈Table 12.1.5〉 8 Major Industries and Core Development Areas of Indonesia's MP3EI 420
〈Table 12.1.6〉 Summary of Provincial and Regency Spatial Development Policies 421
〈Table 12.1.7〉 Port Used for Sea Transport 426
〈Table 12.1.8〉 Areas of Port Work 426
〈Table 12.1.9〉 Port Location Plan 426
〈Table 12.2.1〉 24 New Seaports 428
〈Table 12.4.1〉 Composition of PR No.38 of 2015 432
〈Table 12.5.1〉 Coordination Committee for the Tanah Kuning - Mangkupadi International Port and Industrial... 447
〈Table 12.5.2〉 Scenarios for Project Investment Structure 449
〈Table 12.6.1〉 Potential Risk Factors and Content in PPP 450
Figure 1. Location of Target Work Area 28
Figure 2. Overall Layout 36
Figure 3. The Tanah Kuning Industrial Zone and Port (KIPI) Site Boundary (25,000 ha) 40
Figure 4. Land Ownership and Acquisition 41
Figure 5. New Industrial Zone (Permit in progress, 10,100 ha) 41
Figure 6. Project Implementation Schedule 55
Figure 1.2.1. Location of Target Site 62
Figure 1.4.1. Implementing Flow Chart 67
Figure 2.1.1. Map of North Kalimantan 74
Figure 2.3.1. Topographical Map of North Kalimantan Province 81
Figure 2.4.1. Coastal Area at Project Site 82
Figure 2.4.2. Water Level Observation 83
Figure 2.4.3. Observation of Current Velocity 84
Figure 2.4.4. Tidal Current Velocity at Target Area 85
Figure 2.4.5. Status of Coastline near Project Site (Tanah Kuning – Mangkupadi Village) 86
Figure 2.4.6. Location of Palm Plantation 87
Figure 2.4.7. Photos at Each Point of the Site 88
Figure 2.4.8. Location of Rivers in Target Site 89
Figure 2.5.1. Map of Grid Point (E1) from Estimated Wave Data 91
Figure 2.5.2. Diagram of Depth and Grid Network in Wide-Area Test 98
Figure 2.5.3. Diagram of Depth and Grid Network in Detailed Area Test 99
Figure 2.5.4. Map of Calculated Wave Areas (Terminal A, B, C, D) 100
Figure 2.5.5. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves... 101
Figure 2.5.6. Vector and Wave Contour Map of E Waves... 101
Figure 2.5.7. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal A) 102
Figure 2.5.8. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal A) 102
Figure 2.5.9. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal B) 103
Figure 2.5.10. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal B) 103
Figure 2.5.11. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area... 104
Figure 2.5.12. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal C) 104
Figure 2.5.13. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area... 105
Figure 2.5.14. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal D-1) 105
Figure 2.5.15. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area... 106
Figure 2.5.16. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Design Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal D-2) 106
Figure 2.5.17. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Wide Area 107
Figure 2.5.18. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area... 108
Figure 2.5.19. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal A) 108
Figure 2.5.20. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area... 109
Figure 2.5.21. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal B) 109
Figure 2.5.22. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area... 110
Figure 2.5.23. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal C) 110
Figure 2.5.24. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area... 111
Figure 2.5.25. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal D-1) 111
Figure 2.5.26. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area... 112
Figure 2.5.27. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves in Ordinary Wave Test at Detailed Area (Terminal D-2) 112
Figure 2.5.28. Layout Plan and Calculated Area for the Harbour Calmness Test Plan 114
Figure 2.5.29. Vector and Wave Contour Map of ENE Waves as Ordinary Wave Specification... 115
Figure 2.5.30. Wave Height Distribution of ENE Waves as Ordinary Wave Specification... 115
Figure 2.6.1. Geological Conditions 117
Figure 2.6.2. Distribution of Earthquakes 119
Figure 2.6.3. Earthquake Zones 119
Figure 2.6.4. Location of Ground Survey 120
Figure 2.6.5. Borehole Profile 122
Figure 2.7.1. Conditions of Tanjung Selor Port 124
Figure 2.7.2. Tarakan Port 125
Figure 2.7.3. Major Airports in North Kalimantan Province 127
Figure 2.7.4. Existing Roads at KIPI Tanah Kuning – Mangkupadi 128
Figure 2.7.5. Road Conditions in Backing Area (Unpaved) 128
Figure 2.7.6. Road Conditions in Tanah Kuning Villages 129
Figure 2.7.7. Road Conditions in Binai Village, Tanah Kuning 129
Figure 2.7.8. Condition of the Road Connecting Tanah Kuning and Mangkupadi 129
Figure 2.7.9. Tanah Kuning KIPI – Mangkupadi Road Planning 130
Figure 2.7.10. Local Roads in Tanah Kuning and Mangkupadi 132
Figure 2.7.11. Paving New Roads 132
Figure 2.7.12. Distribution Rate of LPB TV by Service Type and Island 136
Figure 2.7.13. Distribution of 3G and 4G Services in Indonesia 137
Figure 2.7.14. 4G Service Coverage in Administrative Regions of Indonesia 137
Figure 2.7.15. Number of Areas with DBT Project Development and Human Resources Support... 138
Figure 2.7.16. Distribution of Public Internet Access in Indonesia 138
Figure 2.7.17. Development Plan Triangle for a Marine Industrial Complex in North Kalimantan Province 140
Figure 2.7.18. Location and Status of Rock Resource 141
Figure 2.7.19. Status of Sand Supply Site 142
Figure 2.7.20. Location of Material Supply 142
Figure 4.1.1. Administrative Districts in Indonesia 165
Figure 4.1.2. Proportion of GDP by Industry in Indonesia, 2017 171
Figure 4.1.3. Distribution of Industrial Complexes in Indonesia 173
Figure 4.2.1. Exchange Rate Fluctuations against the Dollar 178
Figure 4.2.2. Trend of Foreign Exchange Reserves 179
Figure 4.2.3. Trends in Indonesia's Base Interest Rate (2013-July 2018) 180
Figure 5.1.1. The Process of Estimating Cargo Volume at the Industrial Complex 194
Figure 5.1.2. Comparison of GDPs between Korea and Indonesia 197
Figure 5.1.3. Major Industrial Complexes in Indonesia (2015) 199
Figure 6.2.1. Concept of TGS for Container Terminals 221
Figure 6.2.2. Onshore Yard Layout (for Ferry, Container & General Cargo terminal) 228
Figure 7.2.1. Basic Development Concept 232
Figure 7.2.2. Development Concept of Industrial Complex 234
Figure 7.2.3. Layout of Land-Use Plan 236
Figure 7.2.4. Layout Plan by Industry 237
Figure 7.2.5. Transport Routing Layout Plan 238
Figure 7.2.6. Park and Green Space Layout Plan 239
Figure 7.2.7. Diagram of Wastewater Treatment 240
Figure 7.2.8. Development Scale by Phase 242
Figure 7.2.9. Layout Plan for Each Industry by Phase 244
Figure 7.2.10. Comparison of Industrial Zones 245
Figure 7.3.1. Long-term Port Development Layout 247
Figure 7.3.2. Overall Layout of Tanah Kuning New International Seaport 253
Figure 7.3.3. Layout of Terminal A 254
Figure 7.3.4. Layout of Terminal B 255
Figure 7.3.5. Layout of Terminal C 256
Figure 7.3.6. Layout of Terminal D 257
Figure 7.3.7. Aerial View of Tanah Kuning New International Seaport 258
Figure 7.3.8. Partial Aerial View of Terminal A... 259
Figure 7.3.9. Partial Aerial View of Terminal B (Ferry Terminal) 259
Figure 7.3.10. Partial Aerial View of Terminal C (Coal Terminal) 260
Figure 7.3.11. Partial Aerial View of Terminal D (Product Oil Terminal) 260
Figure 7.3.12. Partial Aerial View of Terminal D (Crude Oil Terminal) 261
Figure 8.2.1. Tidal Velocity at Target Area 265
Figure 8.3.1. 3D Modeling and Member Force Diagram of Steel Tubular Pile Type 277
Figure 8.3.2. 3D Modeling and Member Force Diagram of Steel Tubular Sheet Pile Type 277
Figure 8.3.3. 3D Modeling and Member Force Diagram for Platforms 278
Figure 8.3.4. 3D Modeling and Member Force Diagram of Breasting Dolphin 278
Figure 8.3.5. 3D Modeling and Member Force Diagram of Mooring Dolphin 278
Figure 8.3.6. Terminal A (Container & General Cargo) Typical Section 281
Figure 8.3.7. Terminal A (Solid Bulk) Typical Section 281
Figure 8.3.8. Terminal B (Ferry) Typical Section 282
Figure 8.3.9. Terminal C (Coal) Typical Section 282
Figure 8.3.10. Terminal D (Liquid Bulk, BD MD) Typical Section 283
Figure 8.3.11. Terminal D (Liquid Bulk, S.P.M) Typical Section 283
Figure 8.5.1. Dredging Plan for Terminal A in Phase 1 290
Figure 8.5.2. Dredging Plan for Terminal A in Phase 2 290
Figure 8.5.3. Dredging Plan for Terminal B 291
Figure 8.5.4. Dredging Plan for Terminal D in Each Phase 291
Figure 8.7.1. Conceptual Diagram of Concrete and Ascon Pavements 298
Figure 10.3.1. Tanah Kuning Industrial Zone and Port (KIPI) Site Boundary (25,000 ha) 348
Figure 10.3.2. Land Ownership Status of Near KIPI and Secured Site in Advance 348
Figure 10.3.3. Previous Land-use Plan (9,674 ha of Total 25,000 ha) 349
Figure 10.3.4. New Industrial Zone (Permit in progress, 10,100 ha) 349
Figure 10.4.1. Process of AMDAL (Environmental Impact Assessment) 353
Figure 10.4.2. Environmental Permit Review Process 355
Figure 10.7.1. Deforestation in Kalimantan 2005-2015 361
Figure 10.7.2. Protected area and Production forests in Kalimantan 362
Figure 10.7.3. Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP-3-K) 363
Figure 10.7.4. Overlap Map (Master Plan & RZWP-3-K) 364
Figure 11.4.1. General PPP Project Structure 409
Figure 12.1.1. Economic Corridors in Indonesia 419
Figure 12.2.1. Location of 24 New Seaports and 15 New Airports 427
Figure 12.4.1. Structure of PPP Project Procedure (Related Agencies) 435
Figure 12.4.2. General PPP Procedure 436
Figure 12.5.1. KPPIP Procurement Choices 448
Figure 13.2.1. PPP Implementation Schedule 458