[Title Page]
Contents
Air Environment Management in Seoul 12
1. Status of Air Quality 13
1-1. Topographical and Artificial Condition 13
1-2. Status of Air Quality Index 14
1-3. Major Cities' Pollution Degree 19
2. Status of Air Pollutants 19
2-1. Status of Emitted Air Pollutants by Emission Sources 19
2-2. Emissions by Air Pollutants 20
3. Necessity of Improving Air Quality 21
4. Air Quality Standards 21
4-1. National Standards 21
4-2. Air Quality Standards of Seoul Metropolitan Government 22
5. Air Quality Improvement Goal 23
6. Major Policies 24
Fuel and Site Regulation 32
1. Fuel Regulation 33
1-1. Background of Adopting a Policy for Fuel Regulation 33
1-2. Sulfur Level Limit System 34
1-3. Solid Fuel Use Banning System 34
1-4. Clean Fuel Compulsory Use System 34
2. Factory Location Limit Policy in Metropolitan Area 36
2-1. Progress of Location Limit Policy 36
2-2. Contents of Metropolitan Area Location Limit 37
2-3. Factory Location Limit System and Restriction on Industrial Zone Designation 38
2-4. Changes of Factory Location in Line with Limit in Metropolitan Areas 39
Traffic Management 42
1. Outline 43
1-1. Growing Trend in the Number of Registered Vehicles 43
1-2. Automobile Portfolio by Vehicle Types 43
1-3. Energy Consumptions and Pollutant Emissions from Vehicles 44
1-4. Measures to Reduce Pollutants from Vehicles 45
2. Low Emission Vehicle Project 45
2-1. In-use Diesel Vehicle Emissions Reduction Project 45
2-2. Nitrogen Oxide Reduction Project 48
2-3. Aged Construction Machine(Diesel Car) Reduction Project and Mandatory Use of Environment-friendly Construction Equipment 51
2-4. Distribution of Natural Gas Vehicles and Increasing Charging Stations 54
2-5. Propagation of Eco-friendly Electric and Hydrogen Powered Vehicles and Expansion of Charging Infrastructure 56
2-6. Emission Management of In-use Vehicles 61
3. Traffic Demand Management 67
3-1. Operate Exclusive Bus Lane System 67
3-2. Car Free Day Festival 69
3-3. Hi Seoul Bicycle Parade 70
3-4. Vehicle Eco-friendliness Grade/Index System 73
3-5. Manage Old Diesel Cars Not Taking Low-Emission Measures 73
Emission Source Management 78
1. Outline 79
2. Manage Air Pollutant Emitting Industries 79
2-1. Status of Air Pollutant Emitting Industries 79
2-2. Distribution of Low-NOx Burner 80
2-3. Distribution of Eco-friendly Boiler for Home 81
2-4. Air Pollutant Load Management System 82
3. Fugitive Dust Management at the Construction/Business Site 84
3-1. Status of Fugitive Dust 84
3-2. Management of Business Sites Generating Fugitive Dust 85
3-3. Future Directions of Managing Fugitive Dust Emitting Business Sites 85
4. Street Dust Cleaning Management 86
4-1. Outline 86
4-2. Progress 86
4-3. Road Cleaning Effect 87
4-4. Operate Clean Day 88
Management of Air Pollution Monitoring Network 90
1. Outline 91
2. Road-side Air Quality Monitoring Station 93
3. City Air Quality Monitoring Station 93
4. Acid Deposition Monitoring Network 93
5. Heavy Metal Monitoring Station 95
6. Optic Chemical Pollutant Monitoring Station 96
Initiate Air Pollution Forecasting/Warning System 98
1. O₃ Warming System 99
2. PM-10(2.5) Forecasting/Warning System 102
2-1. PM-10(2.5) Forecasting System 102
2-2. PM-10(2.5) Warning System 103
2-3. Issue of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Risk Warning and Emergency Reduction Measures 104
3. Protect Citizens' Health 106
3-1. Strengthen the Public Protection Measures for the PM Sensitive Group 106
3-2. Detailed Action Guide for the Sensitive/Vulnerable Group in Response to High Ozone Concentration 107
4. Integrated Air Quality Information System 109
5. Measures to Manage Yellow Dust Phenomenon 111
5-1. Status of Yellow Dust Phenomenon 111
5-2. Yellow Dust Monitoring Station 112
5-3. Provide Optimal Information on Yellow Dust 112
5-4. Conduct Intensive Cleaning after Yellow Dust 112
Initiate National/International Cooperation 114
1. Outline 115
2. Joint Cooperation within SMA 115
3. Initiate International Cooperation 116
3-1. Host Northeast Asia Forum on Air Quality Improvement 116
3-2. MOU with Foreign Cities for Air Quality Improvement 121
Changes in Air Related Laws and Systems 124
1. Changes in Air Related Laws 125
1-1. Pollution Prevention Act(1963~1977) 125
1-2. Environment Conservation Act(1977~1990) 126
1-3. Clean Air Conservation Act(1990~Current) 126
1-4. Special Act on the Improvement of Air Quality in Seoul Metropolitan Area(2019-Present) 127
2. SMG Ordinance Related to the Air 127
Appendix 130
Copyright 139