AcknowledgementsList of Contributors1. IntroductionPART 1. SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MODERN PUBLIC SQUARE2. Social Media and Protest: Contextualising the Affordances of Networked PublicsI. IntroductionII. Networked Protest PublicsIII. Country ContextsIV. Key Opportunities and LimitationsV. Augmented Protest, Digital Citizenship and Constitutional RightsVI. Conclusion3. The Rise of Social Media in the Middle East and North Africa: A Tool of Resistance or Repression?I. IntroductionII. Social Media as MENA's New Public SphereIII. MENA's Legal Landscape: Constitutional and Statutory ProtectionsIV. Leaders Strike Back against Pro-Democracy ResistanceV. The Tenuous Relationship between Platforms and GovernmentsVI. Conclusion4. Legal Framings in Networked Public Spheres: The Case of Search and Rescue in the MediterraneanI. IntroductionII. Social Media Platforms as Sites of Legal FramingsIII. Social Media on SAR: Criminalisation, Securitisation and ExternalisationIV. Towards a Solidarity-Based Humanitarianism?V. Conclusion5. Social Media and the News IndustryI. IntroductionII. Major Changes Associated with the Rise of Social MediaIII. The Implications of the Rise of Social Media and Decline of News MediaIV. ConclusionPART 2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PLATFORMS’ GOVERNANCE6. Structural Power as a Critical Element of Social Media Platforms' Private SovereigntyI. IntroductionII. The Regulatory Function of Technology: Unequally Appreciated by Different ActorsIII. Private Ordering to Structure Digital Platforms' SovereigntyIV. Conclusion7. No Place for Women: Gaps and Challenges in Promoting Equality on Social MediaI. IntroductionII. Contrasting Online MisogynyIII. Image-Based Violence and Platform GovernanceIV. Conclusion: The Path Beyond8. Social Media, Electoral Campaigns and Regulation of Hybrid Political Communication: Rethinking CoI. IntroductionII. Political Communication in the Digital SphereIII. Regulating Online Political Advertisements: The Current LandscapeIV. Tensions between Fundamental RightsV. Rethinking Communication RightsVI. Conclusion9. Data Protection Law: Constituting an Effective Framework for Social Media?I. IntroductionII. Data Protection Regulation and Social MediaIII. The Global Race to the GDPR and its Constitutionalising FunctionIV. Conclusion and OutlookPART 3. STATES AND SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION10. Regulatory Shift in State Intervention: From Intermediary Liability to ResponsibilityI. IntroductionII. Theory: From Welfare to Moral TheoriesIII. Market: From Innovators to ModeratorsIV. Policy: From Intermediary Liability to ResponsibilityV. Technology: From Human to Algorithmic EnforcementVI. Practice: Private Enforcement in ActionVII. Conclusions11. Government-Platform Synergy and its PerilsI. IntroductionII. Governmental Speech Enforcement by PlatformsIII. The Limits of the Constitutional Framework in the Digital Political EconomyIV. Public-Platform SynergyV. Conclusions12. Social Media and State Surveillance in China: The Interplay between Authorities, Businesses andI. IntroductionII. Infrastructure and Legislation of State SurveillanceIII. Conclusions13. The Perks of Co-Regulation: An Institutional Arrangement for Social Media Regulation?I. IntroductionII. Theoretical FrameworkIII. Co-Regulation and Fundamental Rights in Social MediaIV. ConclusionsPART 4. CONSTITUTIONALISING SOCIAL MEDIA14. Changing the Normative Order of Social Media from Within: Supervisory BodiesI. IntroductionII. Hybridity of Platform GovernanceIII. Organising OversightIV. Architectural Design Choices and Development PathsV. Reflection and Outlook15. Content Moderation by Social Media Platforms: The Importance of Judicial ReviewI. IntroductionII. Protection of Speech and PlatformisationIII. The Deutsche Welle Case and its ContextIV. Challenge(s) in Content ModerationV. Why Judicial Review MattersVI. Outlook16. Digital Constitutionalism: In Search of a Content Governance StandardI. IntroductionII. International StandardsIII. Civil Society InitiativesIV. A Comparison with Facebook's Community StandardsV. ConclusionIndex