AcknowledgementsTable of FiguresTable of CasesTable of LegislationIntroduction1 The Current Legal Status of AnimalsI IntroductionII The Property Status of AnimalsA Animals as Simple PropertyB Animals as More than Simple PropertyIII Legislation Protecting AnimalsA The History of Animal ProtectionB Anti-Cruelty LawsC Animal Welfare LawsD Species-Specific ProvisionsE Limits of Animal Protection Laws: Exclusions and ExceptionsIV Constitutional LawA Competence NormsB State ObjectivesC Direct Legal ProtectionsV International LawVI Animal Protection Laws in PracticeVII Conclusion2 Welfarism vs Abolitionism, a Dichotomy?I IntroductionII Classic WelfarismA Bigger Cages! Classic Welfarism and the Humane Treatment of AnimalsB Critiques of Classic WelfarismIII AbolitionismA No Cages! The Abolitionist Case for Ending Animal ExploitationB Critiques of AbolitionismIV New WelfarismA First Bigger Cages, Then No Cages! New Welfarism's Hybrid ApproachB Critiques of New WelfarismV Beyond the DichotomyA Cooperation Instead of Abolition: Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka's Theory of Shared Multispecies CommunitiesB Dialogue over Debate: Melanie Joy's Plea for a Multi-Pronged StrategyVI Conclusion3 Philosophical Foundations of Animal RightsI IntroductionII Peter Singer's UtilitarianismA Extending the Scope of Moral Concern to AnimalsB How Animals' Interests Ought to be ConsideredIII Tom Regan's Deontological ApproachA Regan's Critique of UtilitarianismB Inherent Value and Subjects-of-a-LifeIV Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities ApproachA Nussbaum's Critique of Other ApproachesB The Capabilities ApproachV Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka's Political TheoryA The Political Turn in Animal Ethics and Animal StudiesB Zoopolis's Differentiated Theory of Animal RightsVI Critical Approaches to Animal RightsA The Ecofeminist CritiqueB The Conservationist CritiqueC The Contractualist CritiqueVII Conclusion4 The Legal Theory of Animal RightsI IntroductionII Are Animals Fit to have Legal Rights?A The Choice-Based Approach to RightsB Evaluating the Choice-Based ApproachC The Interest-Based Approach to RightsD Evaluating the Interest-Based ApproachIII Do Animals Already have Legal Rights?A Animals Already have Legal Rights: The Thin ConceptionB The Thin Conception: A ReviewC Animals do not Yet have Legal Rights: The Thick ConceptionIV Would Animals Need to Become Legal Persons?A The Traditional View: Legal Personhood is Necessary for Rights-HoldershipB The Unorthodox View: Legal Personhood is not Necessary for Rights-HoldershipC Evaluating the Traditional and Unorthodox ViewsV Conclusion5 Animal Rights and Human RightsI IntroductionII Should Only Humans have Human Rights?A Are Human Rights Grounded in Human Properties? The Foundationalist ApproachB Are Human Rights the Outcome of Political Practices and Decisions? The Anti-Foundationalist ApproachIII Should Animals have Similar Rights to Humans?A Do Human and Animal Rights Flow from the Same Source?B Are Human and Animal Rights Mutually Supportive?IV How Could Human and Animal Rights be Reconciled Legally?A Rights Conflicts and the Proportionality TestB Prioritising the Rights of Minorities?C The Species Membership ApproachV Conclusion6 Animal Rights in LitigationI IntroductionII Animals and the Issue of Legal Standing to Bring an ActionA Cetacean Community (2003)B Hiasl (2007)C Tilikum, Katina, Corky, Kasatka, and Ulises (2012)D Naruto (2016)III Animals as Subjects of Habeas CorpusA Tommy and Kiko (2013)B Hercules and Leo (2013)C Cecilia (2016)D Chucho (2017)E Beulah, Karen, and Minnie (2017)F Happy (2018)IV Fundamental Rights and Personhood Litigation Beyond Habeas CorpusA Animal Welfare Board of India v Nagaraja (2014)B Kaavan (2020)C The Swiss Primate Rights Case (2019)D Estrellita (2022)E People for Animals v Md Mohazzim (2015)F Stray Dogs (2021)G Karnail Singh v State of Haryana (2019)H Sandra (2014)V Conclusion7 Animal Rights in LegislationI IntroductionII Domestic Proposals for Animal Rights LawsA The Swiss Primate Rights InitiativeB The Finnish Rights ProposalC Evaluating the ProposalsIII International Proposals for Animal Rights LawsA An International Treaty on Animal Rights?B Universal Declaration of Animal RightsC Declaration of Rights for CetaceansD Evaluating the ProposalsIV Drafting Animal Rights LawsA The Mechanics of Law ReformB ScopeC Legal StatusD The Procedural Rights of AnimalsE The Substantive Rights of AnimalsV Conclusion8 Animal Rights as a Social Justice MovementI IntroductionII The Animal Rights Movement as AbolitionistA Human AbolitionismB The Origins of Abolitionism in Animal RightsC The Implications of Abolitionism in Animal RightsIII Animal Rights and Connections with Other Rights MovementsA Analogies with Other Movements to Support Animal RightsB Links with Feminism and Interlocking OppressionC A Failure in the System?IV Learning LessonsA Direct Action, Consciousness-Raising, the Use of Social Media, and New DirectionsB CompromiseV ConclusionConclusionBibliographyGlossaryIndex