PrefaceAbout the Authors1 The History of Political Thought: Introducing the ChallengeIntroductionThe "Western Canon"Why Study the History of Political Thought?Interpreting the TextsDevelopment of Political Thought Over TimeTechniques for Reconciling Conflict Between BeliefsComparing Thinkers and Their ErasConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings2 Plato: Navigating JusticeIntroductionPlato's MethodKnowledge and JusticeHuman NatureThe Ideal CityInevitable Decline of the Ideal RegimeConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings3 Aristotle: The Good CityIntroductionAristotle's MethodHappiness, Values, and Human NaturePolitical EconomyCommunityPolitical Form of the PolisPolitical ChangeConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings4 Cicero: Citizenship and the RepublicIntroductionCicero's MethodHuman Nature: Natural Law, Equality, and SociabilityGovernmentLawPublic and Private and the LawConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings5 Augustine: Living TogetherIntroductionAugustine's MethodHuman NatureGovernmentLawConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings6 Aquinas: Reconciling Human and DivineIntroductionAquinas's MethodHuman NatureSociety and the ChurchGovernmentLawConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings7 Luther and Calvin: Reconfiguring AuthorityIntroductionLives and WorksMethodsHuman NatureLawSociety and ReligionGovernmentEconomicsWomen and the FamilyConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings8 Machiavelli: Theorizing PowerIntroductionMachiavelli's Reputation and Major WorksMachiavelli's Method: Political Realism or Moral Cynicism?Human NaturePowerThe Players: Princes, Nobles, and the PeopleFortune and VirtueMachiavelli's Complicated Gender PoliticsLiberty and WarForms of GovernmentConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings9 Christine de Pizan: Difference and EqualityIntroductionChristine's MethodThe Mirror for PrincesHuman NaturePower and AuthorityConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings10 Hobbes: Keeping Promises, Keeping OrderIntroductionHobbes's MethodHuman NatureState of NatureBasis of Government and Political ObligationThe SovereignNatural and Civil LawLibertyCitizenship, Gender, and SubordinationForms of GovernmentConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings11 Al-Farabi: Philosophy of SocietyIntroductionThe Second MasterMethodHuman NaturePhilosophy of SocietyEnduring InfluenceKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings12 Locke: The Social Contract and Its LimitsIntroductionLocke's MethodHuman NatureThe State of NatureState of WarBasis of GovernmentReligious TolerationEquality, Subordination, and CitizenshipInstitutions and Forms of GovernmentDespotism and RevolutionConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings13 Rousseau: Making the Good CitizenIntroductionRousseau's MethodState of Nature and Human NatureThe Path to LiberationThe Social ContractCitizenship, Gender, and EducationNecessary Conditions for Securing a ContractExecutive InstitutionsForms of GovernmentConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings14 Mary Wollstonecraft: Turning Toward EqualityIntroductionThe Social Contract and the Sexual ContractWollstonecraft's MethodHuman NatureGender Relations and Power DynamicsThe Liberation of WomenCivil SocietyConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings15 Burke: Change and TraditionIntroductionBurke's MethodHuman NatureSocietyGovernmentRegime TypesEconomicsConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings16 Mill and Taylor Mill: Advancing LibertyIntroductionUtilitarianismMill's Revision of UtilitarianismHuman NatureEquality and Difference: Gender, Class, and ColonialismTyranny of the MajorityLibertyTruthGovernmentPolitical EconomyConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings17 Marx: Class Conflict, History, and Political EconomyIntroductionMarx's CritiqueMethod: From Hegel to MarxStages of HistoryPoverty, Alienation, ExploitationScientific SocialismGender Relations and the FamilyThe FutureConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings18 Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud: Critical PerspectivesIntroductionFriedrich NietzscheSigmund FreudNew TheoriesLiberatory TheoryConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings19 Political Thought in the Twentieth Century: Liberalism and Its CriticsIntroductionLiberalism: A Big TentRawls and Public Reason LiberalismCritics and CountercurrentsLiberal Feminism and The Sexual ContractTwentieth-Century VoicesConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional Readings20 Political Thought in the 21st CenturyIntroductionCurrent Trends: Subject MatterCurrent Trends: Methods and ApproachesDominant Schools of Thought: Civic Republicanism and Democratic TheoryRecent Developments in Established SpecializationsEmerging Specializations and Future DirectionsConclusionKey TermsNotesAdditional ReadingsGlossaryIndex